MSN 570 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM
STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
VERIFIED 100% CORRECT
Oncogenes are genes that:
a. Encode proteins that negatively regulate the synthesis of proteins to slow or
halt replacement of tissue
b. Direct synthesis of proteins to regulate growth and provide necessary
replacement of tissue c. Have undergone mutation to direct malignant tissue
toward blood vessels and lymph nodes for metastasis
d. Have undergone mutation that direct the synthesis of protein to accelerate the
rate of tissue proliferation --ANSWER-- Have undergone mutation that direct the
synthesis of protein to accelerate the rate of tissue proliferation
Reflex activities concerned with heart rate, blood pressure, respirations, sneezing,
swallowing, and coughing are controlled by which area of the brain?
A) pons
B) midbrain
C) cerebellum
D) medulla oblongata --ANSWER-- ANSWER: D- medulla oblongata
The edema of the upper cervical cord after a spinal cord injury is considered life
threatening because of which possible outcome?
A) hypovolemic shock from blood loss during the injury
B) breathing difficulties from an impairment to the diaphragm
C) head injury that likely occurred during the injury
D) spinal shock immediately after the injury --ANSWER-- ANSWER: B-
breathing difficulties from an impairment to the diaphragm
How do cancer cells use the enzyme telomerase?
a. Use it to repair the telomere to restore somatic cell growth
b. Switch on the telomerase so that cells can divide indefintely
c. Switch off the telomerase so that cells can divide indefintely
,d. Use it as an intracellular signaling chemical to stimulate cell division --
ANSWER-- Switch on the telomerase so that cells can divide indefintely
The major virus involved in cervical cancer is a.
human papillomavirus
b. human cervical endogenous virus
c. herpes simplex virus
d. human immunodeficiency virus --ANSWER-- human papillomavirus
Tumor suppressor genes encode proteins that in their normal state negatively
regulate proliferation. They are also called a. anti-oncogenes
b. proto-oncogenes
c. mutation of RAS gene
d. oncogenes --ANSWER-- anti-oncogenes
What term is used to describe the complication that can result from a spinal cord
injury above T6 that is producing paroxysmal hypertension, as well as piloerection
ANSWER sweating above the spinal cord lesion?
A) craniosacral dysreflexia
B) parasympathetic dysreflexia
C) autonomic hyperreflexia
D) retrograde hyperreflexia --ANSWER-- ANSWER: C- autonomic
hyperreflexia
(dysreflexia)
Multiple sclerosis is best described as:
A) a CNS demyelination, possibly from an immunogenetic virus
B) inadequate supply of acetylcholine at the neurotrANSWERmitter junction as a
result of an autoimmune disorder
C) the depletion of dopamine in the CNS as a result of a virus
D) a degenerative disorder of lower and upper motor neurons caused by
viralimmune factors --ANSWER-- ANSWER: A- a CNS demyelination,
possibly from an immunogenetic virus
Graves disease develops from:
,A) a viral infection of the thyroid gland that causes overproduction of thyroid
hormone
B) an autoimmune process during which lymphocytes and fibrous tissue replace
thyroid tissue
C) thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin, which causes overproduction of
thyroid hormones
D) ingestion of goitrogenes, which inhibits the synthesis of the thyroid
hormones, causing goiter --ANSWER-- ANSWER: C) thyroid-stimulating
immunoglobulin, which causes overproduction of thyroid hormones
The risk of developing coronary artery disease is increased in patients with: (Select
3)
a. diabetes mellitus
b. hypertension
c. obesity
d. liver disease
e. congenital heart defects
f. high alcohol consumption --ANSWER-- a. diabetes
mellitus
b. hypertension
c. obesity
Pathologic changes associated with Graves disease include:
A) high levels of circulating thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins
B) diminished levels of TRH
C) high levels of TSH
D) diminished levels of thyroid-binding globulin --ANSWER-- ANSWER: A-
high levels of circulating thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins
A patient diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has the following laboratory
values: arterial pH 7.20, serum glucose 500 mg/dl, positive urine glucose and
ketones, serum postassium (K+) 2 mEq/L, and serum sodium (Na+) 130 mEq/L.
The patient reports that he has been sick with the "flu" for a week. What
relationship do these values have to his insulin deficiency?
, A) increased glucose use causes the shift of fluid from the intravascular to the
intracellular space
B) decreased glucose use causes fatty acid use, ketogenesis, metabolic acidosis,
and osmotic diuresis
C) increased glucose and fatty acids stimulate renal diuresis, electrolyte loss,
and metabolic alkalosis
D) decreased glucose use results in protein catabolism, tissue wasting,
respiratory acidosis, and electrolyte loss --ANSWER-- ANSWER: B- decreased
glucose use causes fatty acid use, ketogenesis, metabolic acidosis, and osmotic
diuresis
Which predominantly female valvular disorder is thought to have an autosomal
dominant inheritance pattern, as well as being associated with connective tissue
disease?
a. tricuspid valve prolapse
b. tricuspid prolapse
c. mitral valve prolapse
d. aortic stenosis --ANSWER-- mitral valve
prolapse
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is best described as:
A) resistance to insulin by insulin-sensitive tissues
B) the needs for lispro intead of regular insulin
C) an increase in glucagon secretion from (alpa) cells of the pancreas
D) the presence of insulin autoantibodies that destroy (beta) cells in the pancreas -
ANSWER-- ANSWER: A- resistance to insulin by insulin-sensitive tissues
A person diagnosed with type 1 diabetes experiences hunger, lightheadedness,
tachycardia, pallor, headache, and confusion. The most probable cause of these
symptoms is:
A) hyperglycemia caused by incorrect insulin administration
B) the dawn phenomenon from eating a snack before bedtime
C) hypoglycemia caused by increased exercise
D) Somogyi effect from insulin sensitivity --ANSWER-- ANSWER: C-
hypoglycemia caused by increased exercise
STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
VERIFIED 100% CORRECT
Oncogenes are genes that:
a. Encode proteins that negatively regulate the synthesis of proteins to slow or
halt replacement of tissue
b. Direct synthesis of proteins to regulate growth and provide necessary
replacement of tissue c. Have undergone mutation to direct malignant tissue
toward blood vessels and lymph nodes for metastasis
d. Have undergone mutation that direct the synthesis of protein to accelerate the
rate of tissue proliferation --ANSWER-- Have undergone mutation that direct the
synthesis of protein to accelerate the rate of tissue proliferation
Reflex activities concerned with heart rate, blood pressure, respirations, sneezing,
swallowing, and coughing are controlled by which area of the brain?
A) pons
B) midbrain
C) cerebellum
D) medulla oblongata --ANSWER-- ANSWER: D- medulla oblongata
The edema of the upper cervical cord after a spinal cord injury is considered life
threatening because of which possible outcome?
A) hypovolemic shock from blood loss during the injury
B) breathing difficulties from an impairment to the diaphragm
C) head injury that likely occurred during the injury
D) spinal shock immediately after the injury --ANSWER-- ANSWER: B-
breathing difficulties from an impairment to the diaphragm
How do cancer cells use the enzyme telomerase?
a. Use it to repair the telomere to restore somatic cell growth
b. Switch on the telomerase so that cells can divide indefintely
c. Switch off the telomerase so that cells can divide indefintely
,d. Use it as an intracellular signaling chemical to stimulate cell division --
ANSWER-- Switch on the telomerase so that cells can divide indefintely
The major virus involved in cervical cancer is a.
human papillomavirus
b. human cervical endogenous virus
c. herpes simplex virus
d. human immunodeficiency virus --ANSWER-- human papillomavirus
Tumor suppressor genes encode proteins that in their normal state negatively
regulate proliferation. They are also called a. anti-oncogenes
b. proto-oncogenes
c. mutation of RAS gene
d. oncogenes --ANSWER-- anti-oncogenes
What term is used to describe the complication that can result from a spinal cord
injury above T6 that is producing paroxysmal hypertension, as well as piloerection
ANSWER sweating above the spinal cord lesion?
A) craniosacral dysreflexia
B) parasympathetic dysreflexia
C) autonomic hyperreflexia
D) retrograde hyperreflexia --ANSWER-- ANSWER: C- autonomic
hyperreflexia
(dysreflexia)
Multiple sclerosis is best described as:
A) a CNS demyelination, possibly from an immunogenetic virus
B) inadequate supply of acetylcholine at the neurotrANSWERmitter junction as a
result of an autoimmune disorder
C) the depletion of dopamine in the CNS as a result of a virus
D) a degenerative disorder of lower and upper motor neurons caused by
viralimmune factors --ANSWER-- ANSWER: A- a CNS demyelination,
possibly from an immunogenetic virus
Graves disease develops from:
,A) a viral infection of the thyroid gland that causes overproduction of thyroid
hormone
B) an autoimmune process during which lymphocytes and fibrous tissue replace
thyroid tissue
C) thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin, which causes overproduction of
thyroid hormones
D) ingestion of goitrogenes, which inhibits the synthesis of the thyroid
hormones, causing goiter --ANSWER-- ANSWER: C) thyroid-stimulating
immunoglobulin, which causes overproduction of thyroid hormones
The risk of developing coronary artery disease is increased in patients with: (Select
3)
a. diabetes mellitus
b. hypertension
c. obesity
d. liver disease
e. congenital heart defects
f. high alcohol consumption --ANSWER-- a. diabetes
mellitus
b. hypertension
c. obesity
Pathologic changes associated with Graves disease include:
A) high levels of circulating thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins
B) diminished levels of TRH
C) high levels of TSH
D) diminished levels of thyroid-binding globulin --ANSWER-- ANSWER: A-
high levels of circulating thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins
A patient diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has the following laboratory
values: arterial pH 7.20, serum glucose 500 mg/dl, positive urine glucose and
ketones, serum postassium (K+) 2 mEq/L, and serum sodium (Na+) 130 mEq/L.
The patient reports that he has been sick with the "flu" for a week. What
relationship do these values have to his insulin deficiency?
, A) increased glucose use causes the shift of fluid from the intravascular to the
intracellular space
B) decreased glucose use causes fatty acid use, ketogenesis, metabolic acidosis,
and osmotic diuresis
C) increased glucose and fatty acids stimulate renal diuresis, electrolyte loss,
and metabolic alkalosis
D) decreased glucose use results in protein catabolism, tissue wasting,
respiratory acidosis, and electrolyte loss --ANSWER-- ANSWER: B- decreased
glucose use causes fatty acid use, ketogenesis, metabolic acidosis, and osmotic
diuresis
Which predominantly female valvular disorder is thought to have an autosomal
dominant inheritance pattern, as well as being associated with connective tissue
disease?
a. tricuspid valve prolapse
b. tricuspid prolapse
c. mitral valve prolapse
d. aortic stenosis --ANSWER-- mitral valve
prolapse
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is best described as:
A) resistance to insulin by insulin-sensitive tissues
B) the needs for lispro intead of regular insulin
C) an increase in glucagon secretion from (alpa) cells of the pancreas
D) the presence of insulin autoantibodies that destroy (beta) cells in the pancreas -
ANSWER-- ANSWER: A- resistance to insulin by insulin-sensitive tissues
A person diagnosed with type 1 diabetes experiences hunger, lightheadedness,
tachycardia, pallor, headache, and confusion. The most probable cause of these
symptoms is:
A) hyperglycemia caused by incorrect insulin administration
B) the dawn phenomenon from eating a snack before bedtime
C) hypoglycemia caused by increased exercise
D) Somogyi effect from insulin sensitivity --ANSWER-- ANSWER: C-
hypoglycemia caused by increased exercise
