Comprehensive Review for PN4003 Final
Exam UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Acid-base balance - CORRECT ANSWER - Regulation of pH in body fluids.
pH greater than 7.45 - CORRECT ANSWER - Indicates alkalosis, not acidosis.
Respiratory compensation - CORRECT ANSWER - Body's response to metabolic
acidosis.
PaCO2 - CORRECT ANSWER - Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in blood.
Bicarbonate buffer system - CORRECT ANSWER - Primary buffer in blood, not kidneys.
Kidneys' role - CORRECT ANSWER - Regulate bicarbonate, not CO2 levels.
Myocardial infarction interventions - CORRECT ANSWER - Essential actions include
oxygen and aspirin.
Signs of meningitis - CORRECT ANSWER - Common symptoms include nausea and stiff
neck.
Shingles treatment - CORRECT ANSWER - Avoid contact with unvaccinated individuals.
Rash duration for shingles - CORRECT ANSWER - Typically lasts 4-5 weeks with
crusting.
,Acid-base imbalance diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Low pH and high PaCO2
indicate respiratory acidosis.
Stroke symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER - Sudden weakness, slurred speech, difficulty
walking.
Burn classifications - CORRECT ANSWER - First, second, and third-degree burns differ
in severity.
First-degree burn - CORRECT ANSWER - Affects epidermis, causes redness and pain.
Second-degree burn - CORRECT ANSWER - Involves epidermis and dermis, causes
blisters.
Third-degree burn - CORRECT ANSWER - Affects all skin layers, painless, dry skin.
Shingles characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER - Caused by reactivation of varicella-
zoster virus.
Post-herpetic neuralgia - CORRECT ANSWER - Pain following shingles rash resolution.
Fluid-filled blisters - CORRECT ANSWER - Common in second-degree burns.
Photophobia - CORRECT ANSWER - Sensitivity to light, symptom of meningitis.
Nausea and vomiting - CORRECT ANSWER - Common symptoms of meningitis.
Rash in shingles - CORRECT ANSWER - Appears after burning or tingling sensations.
,Shingles - CORRECT ANSWER - Viral infection causing painful, blistering rash.
Post-herpetic neuralgia - CORRECT ANSWER - Chronic pain following shingles
infection.
Rule of Nines - CORRECT ANSWER - Method to estimate burn injury size.
Burn wound infection prevention - CORRECT ANSWER - Frequent hand washing during
dressing changes.
Metabolic acidosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Condition with low pH due to acid
accumulation.
Diabetic ketoacidosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Metabolic acidosis from ketone body
accumulation.
Metabolic alkalosis compensation - CORRECT ANSWER - Decreased respiratory rate to
retain CO2.
Respiratory acidosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Condition caused by hypoventilation and
CO2 retention.
Severe asthma - CORRECT ANSWER - Potential cause of respiratory acidosis due to
obstruction.
Uncompensated metabolic acidosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Characterized by low pH
and low HCO3.
Respiratory alkalosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Condition with elevated pH due to
hyperventilation.
, Paper bag breathing - CORRECT ANSWER - Technique to correct respiratory alkalosis.
Bicarbonate reabsorption - CORRECT ANSWER - Kidneys retain bicarbonate in
metabolic acidosis.
Kussmaul's respirations - CORRECT ANSWER - Deep, labored breathing associated with
metabolic acidosis.
Hypokalemia - CORRECT ANSWER - Low potassium often seen in metabolic alkalosis.
ABG results interpretation - CORRECT ANSWER - Analyzing pH, PaCO2, and HCO3
levels.
Fluid and electrolyte balance - CORRECT ANSWER - Monitoring necessary for burn
injury management.
Burn injury severity - CORRECT ANSWER - Determined by size, depth, and location.
Pain relief medications - CORRECT ANSWER - Used to manage discomfort in burn
patients.
Nutritional support - CORRECT ANSWER - Important for healing in burn patients.
Compensatory mechanisms - CORRECT ANSWER - Body responses to maintain acid-
base balance.
Acid-base balance - CORRECT ANSWER - Homeostasis of hydrogen ion concentration
in blood.
Exam UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Acid-base balance - CORRECT ANSWER - Regulation of pH in body fluids.
pH greater than 7.45 - CORRECT ANSWER - Indicates alkalosis, not acidosis.
Respiratory compensation - CORRECT ANSWER - Body's response to metabolic
acidosis.
PaCO2 - CORRECT ANSWER - Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in blood.
Bicarbonate buffer system - CORRECT ANSWER - Primary buffer in blood, not kidneys.
Kidneys' role - CORRECT ANSWER - Regulate bicarbonate, not CO2 levels.
Myocardial infarction interventions - CORRECT ANSWER - Essential actions include
oxygen and aspirin.
Signs of meningitis - CORRECT ANSWER - Common symptoms include nausea and stiff
neck.
Shingles treatment - CORRECT ANSWER - Avoid contact with unvaccinated individuals.
Rash duration for shingles - CORRECT ANSWER - Typically lasts 4-5 weeks with
crusting.
,Acid-base imbalance diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Low pH and high PaCO2
indicate respiratory acidosis.
Stroke symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER - Sudden weakness, slurred speech, difficulty
walking.
Burn classifications - CORRECT ANSWER - First, second, and third-degree burns differ
in severity.
First-degree burn - CORRECT ANSWER - Affects epidermis, causes redness and pain.
Second-degree burn - CORRECT ANSWER - Involves epidermis and dermis, causes
blisters.
Third-degree burn - CORRECT ANSWER - Affects all skin layers, painless, dry skin.
Shingles characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER - Caused by reactivation of varicella-
zoster virus.
Post-herpetic neuralgia - CORRECT ANSWER - Pain following shingles rash resolution.
Fluid-filled blisters - CORRECT ANSWER - Common in second-degree burns.
Photophobia - CORRECT ANSWER - Sensitivity to light, symptom of meningitis.
Nausea and vomiting - CORRECT ANSWER - Common symptoms of meningitis.
Rash in shingles - CORRECT ANSWER - Appears after burning or tingling sensations.
,Shingles - CORRECT ANSWER - Viral infection causing painful, blistering rash.
Post-herpetic neuralgia - CORRECT ANSWER - Chronic pain following shingles
infection.
Rule of Nines - CORRECT ANSWER - Method to estimate burn injury size.
Burn wound infection prevention - CORRECT ANSWER - Frequent hand washing during
dressing changes.
Metabolic acidosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Condition with low pH due to acid
accumulation.
Diabetic ketoacidosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Metabolic acidosis from ketone body
accumulation.
Metabolic alkalosis compensation - CORRECT ANSWER - Decreased respiratory rate to
retain CO2.
Respiratory acidosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Condition caused by hypoventilation and
CO2 retention.
Severe asthma - CORRECT ANSWER - Potential cause of respiratory acidosis due to
obstruction.
Uncompensated metabolic acidosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Characterized by low pH
and low HCO3.
Respiratory alkalosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Condition with elevated pH due to
hyperventilation.
, Paper bag breathing - CORRECT ANSWER - Technique to correct respiratory alkalosis.
Bicarbonate reabsorption - CORRECT ANSWER - Kidneys retain bicarbonate in
metabolic acidosis.
Kussmaul's respirations - CORRECT ANSWER - Deep, labored breathing associated with
metabolic acidosis.
Hypokalemia - CORRECT ANSWER - Low potassium often seen in metabolic alkalosis.
ABG results interpretation - CORRECT ANSWER - Analyzing pH, PaCO2, and HCO3
levels.
Fluid and electrolyte balance - CORRECT ANSWER - Monitoring necessary for burn
injury management.
Burn injury severity - CORRECT ANSWER - Determined by size, depth, and location.
Pain relief medications - CORRECT ANSWER - Used to manage discomfort in burn
patients.
Nutritional support - CORRECT ANSWER - Important for healing in burn patients.
Compensatory mechanisms - CORRECT ANSWER - Body responses to maintain acid-
base balance.
Acid-base balance - CORRECT ANSWER - Homeostasis of hydrogen ion concentration
in blood.
