PN 4006 – Ivs UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Hematoma - CORRECT ANSWER - A solid swelling of clotted blood within the tissues
Infiltration - CORRECT ANSWER - Leakage of intravenous solution or medication into
extravascular tissue
Treatment for infiltration - CORRECT ANSWER - d/c IV; elevate extremity, cold
compress <30 mins, heat if >30 mins
Phlebitis - CORRECT ANSWER - Inflammation of a vein
Treatment for phlebitis - CORRECT ANSWER - d/c IV; apply warm, moist heat to site
Thrombophlebitis - CORRECT ANSWER - Inflammation of a vein associated with clot
formation
Extravasation - CORRECT ANSWER - Leakage of fluid into the surrounding tissues of
an IV site that happens when the catheter has come out of the blood vessel but is still in the
nearby tissue
Circulatory Overload (fluid volume excess) - CORRECT ANSWER - Systemic
complication caused by too rapid or excessive infusion of fluids. The excess fluid can result in
pulmonary edema and it can lead to electrolyte imbalance in the body
Treatment of fluid volume excess - CORRECT ANSWER - Slow rate of infusion to
TKVO; notify RN/physician; raise head of bed and monitor vitals; initiate O2 PRN
, Air embolism - CORRECT ANSWER - The presence of air in the veins, which can lead
to cardiac arrest if it enters the heart
Peripheral IV (PVAD) - CORRECT ANSWER - Intravenous catheter inserted
peripherally. Common/preferred method for short-term IV therapy
Central IV (CVAD) - CORRECT ANSWER - Intravenous catheter that is inserted into a
large vein the central circulation system, where the tip of the catheter terminates in the superior
vena cava
Central Venous Catheter (CVC) - CORRECT ANSWER - Intravenous access device
inserted into large veins such as the subclavian, jugular, or femoral veins in the center of the
body
Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) - CORRECT ANSWER - A catheter used for
long-term intravenous access and inserted in the basilic or cephalic vein just above or below the
antecubital space with the tip of the catheter resting in the superior vena cava
Hypotonic Solution - CORRECT ANSWER - Solution with less solutes than intercellular
fluid. Fluid shifts into cells. Used for cellular hydration. Watch for decreased BP due to
decreased blood volume
Isotonic Solution - CORRECT ANSWER - Solution with same tonicity as intracellular
fluid. Used for fluid and electrolyte replacement. Watch for fluid overload, edema, and diluted
lab values
Hypertonic Solution - CORRECT ANSWER - Solution with more solutes than
intracellular fluid. Fluid shifts out of cells. Used for hypovolemia/vascular expansion, increase
urine output, DKA. Watch for hypervolemia, increased NaCl, extravasations, cellular
dehydration, hyperglycemia
Crystalloid Solutions - CORRECT ANSWER - IV fluids containing varying
concentrations of electrolytes. Isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic.
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Hematoma - CORRECT ANSWER - A solid swelling of clotted blood within the tissues
Infiltration - CORRECT ANSWER - Leakage of intravenous solution or medication into
extravascular tissue
Treatment for infiltration - CORRECT ANSWER - d/c IV; elevate extremity, cold
compress <30 mins, heat if >30 mins
Phlebitis - CORRECT ANSWER - Inflammation of a vein
Treatment for phlebitis - CORRECT ANSWER - d/c IV; apply warm, moist heat to site
Thrombophlebitis - CORRECT ANSWER - Inflammation of a vein associated with clot
formation
Extravasation - CORRECT ANSWER - Leakage of fluid into the surrounding tissues of
an IV site that happens when the catheter has come out of the blood vessel but is still in the
nearby tissue
Circulatory Overload (fluid volume excess) - CORRECT ANSWER - Systemic
complication caused by too rapid or excessive infusion of fluids. The excess fluid can result in
pulmonary edema and it can lead to electrolyte imbalance in the body
Treatment of fluid volume excess - CORRECT ANSWER - Slow rate of infusion to
TKVO; notify RN/physician; raise head of bed and monitor vitals; initiate O2 PRN
, Air embolism - CORRECT ANSWER - The presence of air in the veins, which can lead
to cardiac arrest if it enters the heart
Peripheral IV (PVAD) - CORRECT ANSWER - Intravenous catheter inserted
peripherally. Common/preferred method for short-term IV therapy
Central IV (CVAD) - CORRECT ANSWER - Intravenous catheter that is inserted into a
large vein the central circulation system, where the tip of the catheter terminates in the superior
vena cava
Central Venous Catheter (CVC) - CORRECT ANSWER - Intravenous access device
inserted into large veins such as the subclavian, jugular, or femoral veins in the center of the
body
Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) - CORRECT ANSWER - A catheter used for
long-term intravenous access and inserted in the basilic or cephalic vein just above or below the
antecubital space with the tip of the catheter resting in the superior vena cava
Hypotonic Solution - CORRECT ANSWER - Solution with less solutes than intercellular
fluid. Fluid shifts into cells. Used for cellular hydration. Watch for decreased BP due to
decreased blood volume
Isotonic Solution - CORRECT ANSWER - Solution with same tonicity as intracellular
fluid. Used for fluid and electrolyte replacement. Watch for fluid overload, edema, and diluted
lab values
Hypertonic Solution - CORRECT ANSWER - Solution with more solutes than
intracellular fluid. Fluid shifts out of cells. Used for hypovolemia/vascular expansion, increase
urine output, DKA. Watch for hypervolemia, increased NaCl, extravasations, cellular
dehydration, hyperglycemia
Crystalloid Solutions - CORRECT ANSWER - IV fluids containing varying
concentrations of electrolytes. Isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic.
