Clinical Psychology (EPPP) UPDATED
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Clinical Psychology - CORRECT ANSWER - - the study, diagnosis, and treatment of
psychological and behavioral disorders
Assumptions of Psychodynamic Therapies - CORRECT ANSWER - - human behavior is
motivated by unconscious processes
- early development has a profound effect on adult functioning
- universal principles explain personality development and behavior
- insight into unconscious processes is a key component of therapy
Freudian Psychoanalysis - CORRECT ANSWER - - human beings are determined by
irrational forces, unconscious motivations, biological and instinctual needs and drives, and
psychosexual events that occur during the first five years of life
Freud's Personality Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - - composed of two theories:
structural (drive) theory and developmental theory
Structural Theory
(Freud) - CORRECT ANSWER - - the personality is composed of three structures: the id,
ego, and superego
Id - CORRECT ANSWER - - present at birth and consists of the person's life and death
instincts
- operates on pleasure principle and seeks immediate gratification of its instinctual drives in
order to avoid tension
Ego - CORRECT ANSWER - - develops at six months of age
,- operates ont eh reality principle that defers gratifcation until an appropriate object is available
in reality and employs thinking
- mediates conflicting demands of pleasure and reality
Superego - CORRECT ANSWER - - develops between four and five years
- represents an internalization of society's values and standards
- attempts to permanently block socially unacceptable drives
Developmental Theory
(Freud) - CORRECT ANSWER - - emphasizes the sexual drives of the id and proposes
that an individual's personality is formed during childhood as a result of certain experiences
during psychosexual stages of development
- over or undergratification of a person's sexual needs during a stage is associated with different
personality outcomes
Oral Stage - CORRECT ANSWER - - Freud's first stage of personality development, from
birth to about age 2, during which the instincts of infants are focused on the mouth as the
primary pleasure center.
Anal Stage - CORRECT ANSWER - - Freud's second stage of psychosexual development
where the primary sexual focus is on the elimination or holding onto feces. The stage is often
thought of as representing a child's ability to control his or her own world.
Phallic Stage - CORRECT ANSWER - - Freud's third stage of personality development,
from about age 4 through age 7, during which children obtain gratification primarily from the
genitals.
Latency Stage - CORRECT ANSWER - - Freud's fourth stage of psychosexual
development where sexuality is repressed in the unconscious and children focus on identifying
with their same sex parent and interact with same sex peers.
,Genital Stage - CORRECT ANSWER - - Freud's last stage of personality development,
from the onset of puberty through adulthood, during which the sexual conflicts of childhood
resurface (at puberty) and are often resolved during adolescence).
Defense Mechanisms - CORRECT ANSWER - - occur when the ego is unable to ward off
danger through rational, realistic means
- these operate on an unconscious level and deny or distort reality
(danger or anxiety helps alert the ego to impending threats, such as conflict between the id and
the superego)
Repression - CORRECT ANSWER - - defense mechanism in which id's drives are
excluded from conscious awareness by maintaining them in the unconscious
Reaction Formation - CORRECT ANSWER - - defense mechanism in which one avoids
an anxiety evoking instict by doing the opposite
View of Psychopathology
(Freudian) - CORRECT ANSWER - - maladaptive behavior results from an unconscious,
unresolved conflict that occurred during childhood
Psychoanalytic Therapy - CORRECT ANSWER - - goal is to reduce symptoms by
bringing the unconscious into conscious awareness and integrating previously repressed material
into the personality
- use free associations, dreams, resistances, and transferences to confront, clarify, interpret, and
work through
Free Associations - CORRECT ANSWER - - a method in psychotherapy where a patient
is encouraged to sit back, relax, free his/her mind, refrain from trying to be logical, and report
every image or idea that enters his/her awareness, usually in response to some word or picture
that the therapist provides as an initial stimulus
, Psychic Determinism - CORRECT ANSWER - - belief that all behaviors are meaningful
and serve some psychological function
- ex slips of tongue (parapraxes) are expressions of unconscious motives
Psychoanalytic Therapy:
Confrontation - CORRECT ANSWER - - making statements that help the client see her
behavior in a new way
Psychoanalytic Therapy:
Clarification - CORRECT ANSWER - - restating the client's remarks and feelings in
clearer terms
Psychoanalytic Therapy:
Interpretation - CORRECT ANSWER - - more explicitly connecting current behavior to
unconscious processes
- more effective when they address motives and conflicts that are close to consciousness
Psychoanalytic Therapy:
Working Through - CORRECT ANSWER - - following cathartic release of recalling
unconscious materials that contribute to behavior, client gradually assimilates new insights into
his personality
- longest stage of therapy
Transference - CORRECT ANSWER - - patient's response to the therapist's actual
behavior and attempt to imbue that behavior with personal meaning
Countertransference - CORRECT ANSWER - - not just the therapist's distorted response
to the patient, but a potential source of information about the patient and contributor to the
curative process
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Clinical Psychology - CORRECT ANSWER - - the study, diagnosis, and treatment of
psychological and behavioral disorders
Assumptions of Psychodynamic Therapies - CORRECT ANSWER - - human behavior is
motivated by unconscious processes
- early development has a profound effect on adult functioning
- universal principles explain personality development and behavior
- insight into unconscious processes is a key component of therapy
Freudian Psychoanalysis - CORRECT ANSWER - - human beings are determined by
irrational forces, unconscious motivations, biological and instinctual needs and drives, and
psychosexual events that occur during the first five years of life
Freud's Personality Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - - composed of two theories:
structural (drive) theory and developmental theory
Structural Theory
(Freud) - CORRECT ANSWER - - the personality is composed of three structures: the id,
ego, and superego
Id - CORRECT ANSWER - - present at birth and consists of the person's life and death
instincts
- operates on pleasure principle and seeks immediate gratification of its instinctual drives in
order to avoid tension
Ego - CORRECT ANSWER - - develops at six months of age
,- operates ont eh reality principle that defers gratifcation until an appropriate object is available
in reality and employs thinking
- mediates conflicting demands of pleasure and reality
Superego - CORRECT ANSWER - - develops between four and five years
- represents an internalization of society's values and standards
- attempts to permanently block socially unacceptable drives
Developmental Theory
(Freud) - CORRECT ANSWER - - emphasizes the sexual drives of the id and proposes
that an individual's personality is formed during childhood as a result of certain experiences
during psychosexual stages of development
- over or undergratification of a person's sexual needs during a stage is associated with different
personality outcomes
Oral Stage - CORRECT ANSWER - - Freud's first stage of personality development, from
birth to about age 2, during which the instincts of infants are focused on the mouth as the
primary pleasure center.
Anal Stage - CORRECT ANSWER - - Freud's second stage of psychosexual development
where the primary sexual focus is on the elimination or holding onto feces. The stage is often
thought of as representing a child's ability to control his or her own world.
Phallic Stage - CORRECT ANSWER - - Freud's third stage of personality development,
from about age 4 through age 7, during which children obtain gratification primarily from the
genitals.
Latency Stage - CORRECT ANSWER - - Freud's fourth stage of psychosexual
development where sexuality is repressed in the unconscious and children focus on identifying
with their same sex parent and interact with same sex peers.
,Genital Stage - CORRECT ANSWER - - Freud's last stage of personality development,
from the onset of puberty through adulthood, during which the sexual conflicts of childhood
resurface (at puberty) and are often resolved during adolescence).
Defense Mechanisms - CORRECT ANSWER - - occur when the ego is unable to ward off
danger through rational, realistic means
- these operate on an unconscious level and deny or distort reality
(danger or anxiety helps alert the ego to impending threats, such as conflict between the id and
the superego)
Repression - CORRECT ANSWER - - defense mechanism in which id's drives are
excluded from conscious awareness by maintaining them in the unconscious
Reaction Formation - CORRECT ANSWER - - defense mechanism in which one avoids
an anxiety evoking instict by doing the opposite
View of Psychopathology
(Freudian) - CORRECT ANSWER - - maladaptive behavior results from an unconscious,
unresolved conflict that occurred during childhood
Psychoanalytic Therapy - CORRECT ANSWER - - goal is to reduce symptoms by
bringing the unconscious into conscious awareness and integrating previously repressed material
into the personality
- use free associations, dreams, resistances, and transferences to confront, clarify, interpret, and
work through
Free Associations - CORRECT ANSWER - - a method in psychotherapy where a patient
is encouraged to sit back, relax, free his/her mind, refrain from trying to be logical, and report
every image or idea that enters his/her awareness, usually in response to some word or picture
that the therapist provides as an initial stimulus
, Psychic Determinism - CORRECT ANSWER - - belief that all behaviors are meaningful
and serve some psychological function
- ex slips of tongue (parapraxes) are expressions of unconscious motives
Psychoanalytic Therapy:
Confrontation - CORRECT ANSWER - - making statements that help the client see her
behavior in a new way
Psychoanalytic Therapy:
Clarification - CORRECT ANSWER - - restating the client's remarks and feelings in
clearer terms
Psychoanalytic Therapy:
Interpretation - CORRECT ANSWER - - more explicitly connecting current behavior to
unconscious processes
- more effective when they address motives and conflicts that are close to consciousness
Psychoanalytic Therapy:
Working Through - CORRECT ANSWER - - following cathartic release of recalling
unconscious materials that contribute to behavior, client gradually assimilates new insights into
his personality
- longest stage of therapy
Transference - CORRECT ANSWER - - patient's response to the therapist's actual
behavior and attempt to imbue that behavior with personal meaning
Countertransference - CORRECT ANSWER - - not just the therapist's distorted response
to the patient, but a potential source of information about the patient and contributor to the
curative process
