Bio 370 Exam 1 QUESTIONS WITH
COMPHREHENSIVE SOLUTIONS
What are the three types of reasoning? - ANS ✔✔Inductive, deductive, abductive reasoning
Inductive reasoning - ANS ✔✔Reasoning in which conclusions are based on observations; can't
be rejected as a hypothesis. So, can be part of science, but not fully
deductive reasoning - ANS ✔✔Reasoning in which the premises are ideas that can be further
tested; testable, so scientific
Abductive Reasoning - ANS ✔✔Concluding something after removing what can't be true, and
coming to conclusion; offers explanation, but not a falsifiable hypothesis
Intelligent design; what type of reasoning does this use? - ANS ✔✔uses abductive reasoning;
ideas that are too complex for natural explanation, so there must be some supernatural force at
work
Since the conclusions are based by the process of elimination, ID escapes rejection, and cannot
be used as a hypothesis.
Why does it mean for a hypothesis to be falsifiable? - ANS ✔✔
Scala naturae or great chain of being - ANS ✔✔Progression towards perfection while dealing
with perceived value, had some supernatural influence; ever organism represented a specific
and unique link in the chain, and each link represented a different level of complexity; different
organisms could not share comparable degrees of complexity
, Modern view of fitness - ANS ✔✔Reproductive success, in terms of proportion of genes passed
on to the next generation
Extension and variation are - ANS ✔✔constantly happening due to local conditions in time and
space
Evolution results not in increasing perfection..... - ANS ✔✔but in adaptation to local
(geographical and temporal) changes
History of life is a series of - ANS ✔✔diversification events that are sometimes interrupted by
extinction
Lamark's theory of evolution - ANS ✔✔individual organisms adapted by transforming
themselves to fit their local environment; rejected idea that new species appear after large
scale extinctions; his idea fit well with Scala naturae, given that the environment is unchanging
Individuals want to become more perfect
Erasmus Darwin - ANS ✔✔Idea comes in evolutionary thinkin
Believed that ew traits could be acquired over lifetime and passed on to the next generation;
lamarkian in that it was about INDIVIDUAL FITNESS (strength speed etc.)
Patrick Matthew - ANS ✔✔Thought about populations, no transformation between individuals
Populations changes in terms of frequency of inherited characteristics among individuals which
were themselves static
COMPHREHENSIVE SOLUTIONS
What are the three types of reasoning? - ANS ✔✔Inductive, deductive, abductive reasoning
Inductive reasoning - ANS ✔✔Reasoning in which conclusions are based on observations; can't
be rejected as a hypothesis. So, can be part of science, but not fully
deductive reasoning - ANS ✔✔Reasoning in which the premises are ideas that can be further
tested; testable, so scientific
Abductive Reasoning - ANS ✔✔Concluding something after removing what can't be true, and
coming to conclusion; offers explanation, but not a falsifiable hypothesis
Intelligent design; what type of reasoning does this use? - ANS ✔✔uses abductive reasoning;
ideas that are too complex for natural explanation, so there must be some supernatural force at
work
Since the conclusions are based by the process of elimination, ID escapes rejection, and cannot
be used as a hypothesis.
Why does it mean for a hypothesis to be falsifiable? - ANS ✔✔
Scala naturae or great chain of being - ANS ✔✔Progression towards perfection while dealing
with perceived value, had some supernatural influence; ever organism represented a specific
and unique link in the chain, and each link represented a different level of complexity; different
organisms could not share comparable degrees of complexity
, Modern view of fitness - ANS ✔✔Reproductive success, in terms of proportion of genes passed
on to the next generation
Extension and variation are - ANS ✔✔constantly happening due to local conditions in time and
space
Evolution results not in increasing perfection..... - ANS ✔✔but in adaptation to local
(geographical and temporal) changes
History of life is a series of - ANS ✔✔diversification events that are sometimes interrupted by
extinction
Lamark's theory of evolution - ANS ✔✔individual organisms adapted by transforming
themselves to fit their local environment; rejected idea that new species appear after large
scale extinctions; his idea fit well with Scala naturae, given that the environment is unchanging
Individuals want to become more perfect
Erasmus Darwin - ANS ✔✔Idea comes in evolutionary thinkin
Believed that ew traits could be acquired over lifetime and passed on to the next generation;
lamarkian in that it was about INDIVIDUAL FITNESS (strength speed etc.)
Patrick Matthew - ANS ✔✔Thought about populations, no transformation between individuals
Populations changes in terms of frequency of inherited characteristics among individuals which
were themselves static
