WCU NURS 100 Final Exam – Complete Nursing Study Guide
with Detailed Notes, Key Concepts, and Practice Questions for
Exam Success with Correct Answers!!!Graded A+
Pre interaction, orientation, working, resolution (termination) -
Answer-The phases of communication between the nurse and a
patient
Pre-interaction - Answer-Phase of nurse/ patient interaction which
happens prior to meeting patient, gathering information about them
(name, DOB
Orientation - Answer-When the nurse and the patient meet, get to
know each other, and learn to trust each other, nurse introducing
themselves to patient
Working - Answer-When the nurse and the patient work together to
solve problems and accomplish goals
Resolution (termination) - Answer-End of the nurse-client relationship
What is the #1 way to prevent the spread of infections? - Answer-
Hand Hygiene
Most infections which happen in the health care facility are due to -
Answer-Healthcare workers hands
What does the nonspecific innate immune defence system do? -
Answer-it keeps infections out of the body
What does the nonspecific innate defence system consist of? -
Answer-Skin, hair, nails, mucous membranes
What is the action of the specific adaptive defence system? - Answer-
it finds the pathogens that got into the body through the nonspecific
defences
There are a number of ways to stop the chain of infection, describe
some of them. - Answer-Sanitation, disinfection, sterilization,
handwashing, isolating, ppe, medical asepsis technique, sterile asepsis
pg. 1
,technique, cover wounds, keep skin intact, immunizations, diet and
exercise, reduce stress
Isolation precautions - Answer-Used when a patient who is at high
risk for acquiring microorganisms from either the environment or
from other patients, staff, or visitors
Neutropenic isolation - Answer-Neutropenia (low neutrophils, wbc)
-Low WBCs [normal is 5,000 to 10,000]
-No fresh flowers
-WASH hands, wear a mask, be super clean
DVT
pneumonia
loss of consciousness
infection - Answer-Potential complications after surgery
Signs and symptoms of phlebitis at an IV site - Answer-Erythema,
tenderness, drainage, hard palpable cord
Immunocompromised - Answer-When a person has a low number of
neutrophils in their immune system, they become
Patients with aids or those on immunosuppresants - Answer-Who is at
risk for being immuncompromised
Stress can lead to - Answer-STRESS
Incubation stage of infection - Answer-Virus is entering the body and
first symptoms are showing
Prodromal stage of infection - Answer-During this stage the person is
most infectious and symptoms are becoming more specific; pathogen
is multiplying
Illness stage of infection - Answer-Signs and symptoms are occurring
Convalescence stage of infection - Answer-Recovery
pg. 2
,Urinary tract infections, surgical site infections, blood stream
infections, and pneumonia-ventilated associated infections are mostly
acquired where? - Answer-Hospital
What kinds of patients are at risk for infection? - Answer-
-The immunocompromised
-People that go into crowded environments
-Older adults
-Patients with poor lifestyle choices: unprotected sex, drug users
-People with poor hygiene
-People recently exposed to a virus
A systemic infection is known to affect the whole body, what are
some clinical manfestions of this? - Answer-
-Fever
-Chills
-Tachypnea
-Tachycardia
-Malaise
-Fatigue
-Nnausea, vomiting, diarrhea
-Abdominal cramps
-Enlarged lymph nodes
A local infection confined to a particular part of the body is indicated
by what manifestions? - Answer-
-Erythema
-Warmth
-Edema
pg. 3
, -Pain at site
-Drainage
Is pain considered a systemic or localized infection? - Answer-Local
What are some labs that are drawn and lab values that will indicate an
infection? - Answer-Leukocytosis: WBC greater than 10,000
ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) greater than 20 MM/HR
cultures: stool, urine, blood, and sputum samples
X-ray, CT, MRI, Biopsy
What are some nursing interventions to prevent the spread of
infection? - Answer-
-Hand hygeine
-Use infection control precautions
-Ppe
-Vaccines
-Fluids
-Turning patients every 2 hours or less to prevent what?
-Medications
-Education
-Oral hygiene
How long should handwashing take place? - Answer-15-20 seconds;
up to 2 mins when soiled
When caring for a patient with C. diff - Answer-Handwashing with
soap and water is essential
C Diff. - Answer-For this type of infection, hand sanitizer is not
acceptable to clean the hands with
Fidelity - Answer-Faithfulness to a person, cause, or belief,
demonstrated by continuing loyalty and support
pg. 4
with Detailed Notes, Key Concepts, and Practice Questions for
Exam Success with Correct Answers!!!Graded A+
Pre interaction, orientation, working, resolution (termination) -
Answer-The phases of communication between the nurse and a
patient
Pre-interaction - Answer-Phase of nurse/ patient interaction which
happens prior to meeting patient, gathering information about them
(name, DOB
Orientation - Answer-When the nurse and the patient meet, get to
know each other, and learn to trust each other, nurse introducing
themselves to patient
Working - Answer-When the nurse and the patient work together to
solve problems and accomplish goals
Resolution (termination) - Answer-End of the nurse-client relationship
What is the #1 way to prevent the spread of infections? - Answer-
Hand Hygiene
Most infections which happen in the health care facility are due to -
Answer-Healthcare workers hands
What does the nonspecific innate immune defence system do? -
Answer-it keeps infections out of the body
What does the nonspecific innate defence system consist of? -
Answer-Skin, hair, nails, mucous membranes
What is the action of the specific adaptive defence system? - Answer-
it finds the pathogens that got into the body through the nonspecific
defences
There are a number of ways to stop the chain of infection, describe
some of them. - Answer-Sanitation, disinfection, sterilization,
handwashing, isolating, ppe, medical asepsis technique, sterile asepsis
pg. 1
,technique, cover wounds, keep skin intact, immunizations, diet and
exercise, reduce stress
Isolation precautions - Answer-Used when a patient who is at high
risk for acquiring microorganisms from either the environment or
from other patients, staff, or visitors
Neutropenic isolation - Answer-Neutropenia (low neutrophils, wbc)
-Low WBCs [normal is 5,000 to 10,000]
-No fresh flowers
-WASH hands, wear a mask, be super clean
DVT
pneumonia
loss of consciousness
infection - Answer-Potential complications after surgery
Signs and symptoms of phlebitis at an IV site - Answer-Erythema,
tenderness, drainage, hard palpable cord
Immunocompromised - Answer-When a person has a low number of
neutrophils in their immune system, they become
Patients with aids or those on immunosuppresants - Answer-Who is at
risk for being immuncompromised
Stress can lead to - Answer-STRESS
Incubation stage of infection - Answer-Virus is entering the body and
first symptoms are showing
Prodromal stage of infection - Answer-During this stage the person is
most infectious and symptoms are becoming more specific; pathogen
is multiplying
Illness stage of infection - Answer-Signs and symptoms are occurring
Convalescence stage of infection - Answer-Recovery
pg. 2
,Urinary tract infections, surgical site infections, blood stream
infections, and pneumonia-ventilated associated infections are mostly
acquired where? - Answer-Hospital
What kinds of patients are at risk for infection? - Answer-
-The immunocompromised
-People that go into crowded environments
-Older adults
-Patients with poor lifestyle choices: unprotected sex, drug users
-People with poor hygiene
-People recently exposed to a virus
A systemic infection is known to affect the whole body, what are
some clinical manfestions of this? - Answer-
-Fever
-Chills
-Tachypnea
-Tachycardia
-Malaise
-Fatigue
-Nnausea, vomiting, diarrhea
-Abdominal cramps
-Enlarged lymph nodes
A local infection confined to a particular part of the body is indicated
by what manifestions? - Answer-
-Erythema
-Warmth
-Edema
pg. 3
, -Pain at site
-Drainage
Is pain considered a systemic or localized infection? - Answer-Local
What are some labs that are drawn and lab values that will indicate an
infection? - Answer-Leukocytosis: WBC greater than 10,000
ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) greater than 20 MM/HR
cultures: stool, urine, blood, and sputum samples
X-ray, CT, MRI, Biopsy
What are some nursing interventions to prevent the spread of
infection? - Answer-
-Hand hygeine
-Use infection control precautions
-Ppe
-Vaccines
-Fluids
-Turning patients every 2 hours or less to prevent what?
-Medications
-Education
-Oral hygiene
How long should handwashing take place? - Answer-15-20 seconds;
up to 2 mins when soiled
When caring for a patient with C. diff - Answer-Handwashing with
soap and water is essential
C Diff. - Answer-For this type of infection, hand sanitizer is not
acceptable to clean the hands with
Fidelity - Answer-Faithfulness to a person, cause, or belief,
demonstrated by continuing loyalty and support
pg. 4
