SCRN STUDY GUIDE EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS |
LATEST VERSION 2025/2026.
Anoxia - ANS total depletion in the level of O2 although there is adequate blood flow
hypoxia - ANS decrease in O2 levels despite adequate blood flow
necrotic pathway - ANS cell energy failure and rapid cytoskeletal breakdown
apoptotic pathway - ANS programmed cell death
primary brain injury - ANS An injury to the brain and its associated structures that is a direct
result of impact to the head.
Secondary brain injury - ANS The "after effects" of the primary injury; includes abnormal
processes such as cerebral edema, increased intracranial pressure, cerebral ischemia and
hypoxia, and infection; onset is often delayed following the primary brain injury.
mass effect - ANS a phenomenon in which a focal lesion or contusion causes surrounding
area of the brain tissue or brain structures to be compressed and injured due to the degree of
space that leaking blood, CSF, or edema take up within the restricted skull space
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,saccular aneurysm - ANS Bulge on side of vessel- accounts for a large majority of cerebral
aneurysms
fusiform aneurysm - ANS dilation of the entire circumference of the artery
cerebral vasospasm - ANS when the blood vessels in the brain narrow, thereby reducing
blood flow to the brain and subsequent death of brain tissue
Anterior Communicating Artery - ANS connects Right and Left ACA
Middle cerebral Artery - ANS supplies the parietal and temporal lobes
Posterior Communicating Artery - ANS helps connect blood from the anterior and posterior
circulation
Posterior Cerebral Artery - ANS supplies the occipital lobe, thalamus, and midbrain
Basilar Artery and Vertebral Artery - ANS supply blood to the brain stem and cerebellum
Wernicke's area - ANS language comprehension (temporal lobe)
Broca's area - ANS speech production (frontal lobe)
dysarthria - ANS slurred speech and generally reflects poor motor control of the muscles
associated with speech and language
Cranial Nerve I - ANS Olfactory: Smell
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,Cranial Nerve II - ANS Optic Nerve: vision
Cranial Nerve III - ANS Oculomotor Nerve
Eye movement; pupil constriction
Cranial Nerve IV - ANS Trochlear Nerve; eye movement
Cranial Nerve V - ANS Trigeminal nerve; somatosensory info (touch, pain) from the face and
head; muscles for chewing
Cranial Nerve VI - ANS Abducens Nerve: eye movement
Cranial Nerve VII - ANS Facial Nerve: taste (ant. 2/3 of tongue); somatosensory information
from ear, controls muscles used in facial expression
Cranial Nerve VIII - ANS Vestibulocochlear nerve: hearing, balance
Cranial Nerve IX - ANS Glossopharyngeal Nerve: taste (post 1/3 on tongue); somatosensory
information from tongue, tonsil, pharynx; controls some muscles used in swallowing
Cranial Nerve X - ANS Vagus Nerve: Sensory motor and autonomic functions (glands,
digestion, hr)
Cranial Nerve XI - ANS Spinal Accessory Nerve: controls muscles used in head movement
Cranial Nerve XII - ANS Hypoglossal Nerve: controls muscles of the tongue
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, basal ganglia - ANS coordinating muscle movement
limbic system - ANS A doughnut-shaped system of neural structures at the border of the
brainstem and cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions such as fear and aggression and
drives such as those for food and sex.
Parts of the Lymbic System - ANS 1. hypothalamus
2. amygdala
3. hippocampus
hypothalamus - ANS autonomic nervous system; main center for control of body temp,
circadian rhythm and body water osmolality
amygdala - ANS management of stress, rage, and anxiety. center for memory and emotion
hippocampus - ANS memory and learning, short term memory, regulation of corticosteroid
production, spatial relations in the environment
Diencephalon - ANS contains thalamus, pituitary gland, and pineal gland
pituitary gland - ANS anterior lobe responsible for producing hormones
pineal gland - ANS produces serotonin, melatonin, and contributes to circadian/sleep-wake
cycles
cerebellum - ANS movement and coordination and maintaining position
brain stem consists of - ANS medulla, pons, midbrain
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS |
LATEST VERSION 2025/2026.
Anoxia - ANS total depletion in the level of O2 although there is adequate blood flow
hypoxia - ANS decrease in O2 levels despite adequate blood flow
necrotic pathway - ANS cell energy failure and rapid cytoskeletal breakdown
apoptotic pathway - ANS programmed cell death
primary brain injury - ANS An injury to the brain and its associated structures that is a direct
result of impact to the head.
Secondary brain injury - ANS The "after effects" of the primary injury; includes abnormal
processes such as cerebral edema, increased intracranial pressure, cerebral ischemia and
hypoxia, and infection; onset is often delayed following the primary brain injury.
mass effect - ANS a phenomenon in which a focal lesion or contusion causes surrounding
area of the brain tissue or brain structures to be compressed and injured due to the degree of
space that leaking blood, CSF, or edema take up within the restricted skull space
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,saccular aneurysm - ANS Bulge on side of vessel- accounts for a large majority of cerebral
aneurysms
fusiform aneurysm - ANS dilation of the entire circumference of the artery
cerebral vasospasm - ANS when the blood vessels in the brain narrow, thereby reducing
blood flow to the brain and subsequent death of brain tissue
Anterior Communicating Artery - ANS connects Right and Left ACA
Middle cerebral Artery - ANS supplies the parietal and temporal lobes
Posterior Communicating Artery - ANS helps connect blood from the anterior and posterior
circulation
Posterior Cerebral Artery - ANS supplies the occipital lobe, thalamus, and midbrain
Basilar Artery and Vertebral Artery - ANS supply blood to the brain stem and cerebellum
Wernicke's area - ANS language comprehension (temporal lobe)
Broca's area - ANS speech production (frontal lobe)
dysarthria - ANS slurred speech and generally reflects poor motor control of the muscles
associated with speech and language
Cranial Nerve I - ANS Olfactory: Smell
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,Cranial Nerve II - ANS Optic Nerve: vision
Cranial Nerve III - ANS Oculomotor Nerve
Eye movement; pupil constriction
Cranial Nerve IV - ANS Trochlear Nerve; eye movement
Cranial Nerve V - ANS Trigeminal nerve; somatosensory info (touch, pain) from the face and
head; muscles for chewing
Cranial Nerve VI - ANS Abducens Nerve: eye movement
Cranial Nerve VII - ANS Facial Nerve: taste (ant. 2/3 of tongue); somatosensory information
from ear, controls muscles used in facial expression
Cranial Nerve VIII - ANS Vestibulocochlear nerve: hearing, balance
Cranial Nerve IX - ANS Glossopharyngeal Nerve: taste (post 1/3 on tongue); somatosensory
information from tongue, tonsil, pharynx; controls some muscles used in swallowing
Cranial Nerve X - ANS Vagus Nerve: Sensory motor and autonomic functions (glands,
digestion, hr)
Cranial Nerve XI - ANS Spinal Accessory Nerve: controls muscles used in head movement
Cranial Nerve XII - ANS Hypoglossal Nerve: controls muscles of the tongue
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, basal ganglia - ANS coordinating muscle movement
limbic system - ANS A doughnut-shaped system of neural structures at the border of the
brainstem and cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions such as fear and aggression and
drives such as those for food and sex.
Parts of the Lymbic System - ANS 1. hypothalamus
2. amygdala
3. hippocampus
hypothalamus - ANS autonomic nervous system; main center for control of body temp,
circadian rhythm and body water osmolality
amygdala - ANS management of stress, rage, and anxiety. center for memory and emotion
hippocampus - ANS memory and learning, short term memory, regulation of corticosteroid
production, spatial relations in the environment
Diencephalon - ANS contains thalamus, pituitary gland, and pineal gland
pituitary gland - ANS anterior lobe responsible for producing hormones
pineal gland - ANS produces serotonin, melatonin, and contributes to circadian/sleep-wake
cycles
cerebellum - ANS movement and coordination and maintaining position
brain stem consists of - ANS medulla, pons, midbrain
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
