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,Table of Contents
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UnitNJI:N J LevelsNJ ofNJOrganization

• ChapterN J 1:NJAnN J IntroductionNJtoN J theNJHumanN J Body
• ChapterN J 2:NJTheNJChemicalN J LevelNJofNJ Organization
• ChapterN J 3:NJTheNJCellularN J LevelNJofNJ Organization
• ChapterN J 4:NJTheNJ TissueNJLevelN J ofN J Organization

UnitNJII:NJSupportNJandNJ Movement

• ChapterN J 5:NJTheNJ IntegumentaryN J System
• ChapterN J 6:NJBoneN J andNJSkeletalN J Tissue
• ChapterN J 7:NJTheNJAxialN J Skeleton
• ChapterN J 8:NJTheNJ AppendicularNJSkeleton
• ChapterN J 9:NJJoints
• ChapterN J 10:NJMuscleNJTissue
• ChapterN J 11:NJTheNJ MuscularNJSystem

UnitNJIII:NJRegulation,NJIntegration,NJandNJControl

• ChapterN J 12:NJNervousNJTissue
• ChapterN J 13:NJTheNJ AnatomyN J ofNJtheNJ NervousN J System
• ChapterN J 14:NJTheNJ SomaticN J NervousN J System
• ChapterN J 15:NJTheNJ AutonomicN J NervousN J System
• ChapterN J 16:NJTheNJ NeurologicalN J Exam
• ChapterN J 17:NJTheNJ EndocrineN J System

UnitNJIV:NJFluidsNJandNJTransport

• ChapterN J 18:NJTheNJ CardiovascularN J System:N J Blood
• ChapterN J 19:NJTheNJ CardiovascularN J System:N J TheNJ Heart
• ChapterN J 20:NJTheNJ CardiovascularN J System:N J BloodN J VesselsN J andN J Circulation
• ChapterN J 21:NJTheNJ LymphaticN J SystemNJandNJImmunity

UnitNJV:N J Energy,NJMaintenance,NJandNJEnvironmentalNJExchange

• ChapterN J 22:NJTheNJ RespiratoryN J System
• ChapterN J 23:NJTheNJ DigestiveNJ System
• ChapterN J 24:NJNutritionN J andNJ Metabolism
• ChapterN J 25:NJTheNJUrinaryN J System
• ChapterN J 26:NJFluid,N J Electrolyte,N J andNJ Acid–BaseNJBalance

UnitNJVI:NJ HumanNJDevelopmentNJandNJtheN J ContinuityNJofNJLife

• ChapterN J 27:NJTheNJ ReproductiveNJ System
• ChapterN J 28:NJDevelopmentN J andNJ GeneticN J Inheritance
• ChapterN J 29:NJDevelopmentN J andNJ Inheritance
• ChapterN J 30:NJPregnancyN J andNJChildbirth

,Chapter 1: An Introduction to the Human Body
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1. The study of the structure of body parts and their relationships is called:
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A. Anatomy
B. Physiology
C. Pathology
D. Biochemistry

Answer: A. Anatomy
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Rationale: Anatomy focuses on body structures; physiology studies functions.
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2. Which of the following best describes physiology?
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A. Study of the body’s chemical composition
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B. Study of the function of body parts
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C. Study of external landmarks
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D. Study of tissues under a microscope
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Answer: B. Study of the function of body parts
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Rationale: Physiology examines how organs and systems work to sustain life.
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3. The smallest structural unit of life is the:
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A. Atom
B. Cell
C. Tissue
D. Organ

Answer: B. Cell NJ NJ


Rationale: Cells are the basic unit of life; atoms form molecules, but are not alive.
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4. Which level of organization consists of groups of similar cells performin
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g a common function?
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A. Organ level NJ


B. Tissue level NJ


C. Chemical level NJ


D. Organ system NJ




Answer: B. Tissue level
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Rationale: Tissues are composed of similar cells with a shared role.
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, 5. The process by which the body maintains stable internal conditions is called:
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A. Homeostasis
B. Metabolism
C. Differentiation
D. Catabolism

Answer: A. Homeostasis
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Rationale: Homeostasis keeps internal conditions stable despite external changes.
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6. A negative feedback mechanism:
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A. Enhances the original stimulus
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B. Reverses a change toward normal conditions
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C. Causes rapid deviations
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D. Leads to homeostatic imbalance
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Answer: B. Reverses a change toward normal conditions
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Rationale: Negative feedback maintains stability by reversing deviations.
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7. The anatomical position is characterized by:
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A. Standing with palms facing forward
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B. Sitting with hands on lap
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C. Lying down with palms downward
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D. Standing with arms crossed
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Answer: A. Standing with palms facing forward
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Rationale: Standard anatomical position ensures consistency in descriptions.
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8. Which directional term means “toward the head”?
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A. Inferior
B. Superior
C. Posterior
D. Distal

Answer: B. Superior
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Rationale: Superior means above; inferior means below.
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9. The sternum is
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A. Anterior
B. Posterior