NUR 3100 - EXAM #3 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
What is enuresis? - Answer -Involuntary urination in children beyond the age when
normal bladder control is established
What is secondary enuresis? - Answer -Child who has established proper bladder
control for a period of 6 months, but who has since lapsed back to wetting the bed
What factors may cause secondary enuresis? (4) - Answer -1. Constipation
2. Stress
3. Illness
4. Poor daytime voiding habits
A decrease in kidney function puts the patient at risk for what? - Answer -Toxicity from
medication if excretion rates are longer
The most noticeable changes with age are related to what? - Answer -Bladder (urgency
& frequency)
What causes changes in urinary urgency & frequency in men? - Answer -Enlarged
prostate gland
What causes changes in urinary urgency & frequency in women? - Answer -Weakened
muscles supporting the bladder and of the urethral sphincter after menopause (results
from decreased estrogen levels)
What interventions could be done to help the patient have more consistent urination?
(5) - Answer -1. Medications
2. Surgery
3. Behavioral training
4. Safe/easy access to bathroom
5. Habit training (scheduled time)
Urinary habits depend on what? (3) - Answer -1. Social cultural
2. Personal habits
3. Physical abilities
Which factors affect urination? (7) - Answer -1. Developmental
2. Psychosocial
3. Fluid & food intake
4. Medications
5. Muscle tone
6. Pathologic conditions
7. Surgical & diagnostic procedures
,Urinary elimination is affected by what? (5) - Answer -1. Kidneys
2. Ureters
3. Bladder
4. Urethra
5. Pelvic floor
How do medications affect urination? - Answer -1. Meds affecting ANS cause retention
2. Diuretics increase urine formation by preventing reabsorption of water & electrolytes
How does muscle tone affect urination? - Answer -Muscle tone is needed to maintain
the stretch & contractility of the detrusor muscle so the bladder can fill & empty
completely
What is the difference between stress & urge incontinence? - Answer -Stress: loss of
urine control during activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure (coughing,
sneezing, laughing, or exercise)
Urge: a sudden strong urge to void, followed by a rapid bladder contraction
What is overflow incontinence? - Answer -Inability to empty bladder completely,
resulting in a constant dribbling of urine or frequency in urination
How does alcohol increase urination? - Answer -Inhibits the production of ADH
What is the average daily fluid output for an adult? (mL) - Answer -1,400-1,500 mL
What is the average daily fluid intake for an adult? (mL) - Answer -1,200-1,500 mL
How much fluid are adults SUPPOSED to intake? (mL) - Answer -2,500 mL
What is insensible fluid loss? - Answer -The amount of fluid lost on a daily basis from
the lungs, skin, respiratory tract, and water excreted in the feces; the exact amount
cannot be measured
What is obligatory water loss? - Answer -Fluid loss that is required to maintain normal
body function; necessary for temp regulation and elimination of waste products
How much fluid is lost through obligatory losses daily? (mL) - Answer -1,300 mL
How often do infants urinate a day? - Answer -Around 20 times
How often does a school-aged child urinate? - Answer -6-8 times a day
How does ADH increase water reabsorption into the blood? (5) - Answer -1. Blood
osmolality increases
2. Osmoreceptors in hypothalamus stimulate posterior pituitary to secrete ADH
, 3. ADH increases distal tubule permeability
4. Increase of water reabsorption of H2O
5. Urine output decreases
How does ADH decrease water reabsorption into the blood? - Answer -1. Blood
osmolality decreases
2. ADH is
3. ADH causes distal tubule to become less permeable to water
4. Decrease of water reabsorption of H2O
5. Urine output increases
Whats the normal range for urine specific gravity - Answer -1.005-1.030
True or False: When testing for fecal occult blood, a green color indicates a guaiac
positive result. - Answer -False, should be blue
How do you obtain a sterile urine specimen from a patient with an indwelling catheter? -
Answer -Use a syringe to withdraw urine from the catheter tubing
An x-ray of the abdomen visualizing the kidneys, ureters, and bladder is known as
what? - Answer -KUB
What is an echcardiogram? - Answer -Visualization of the structures of the heart by
using ultrasound
What does MRI stand for? - Answer -Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Thoracentesis is removal of fluid from where? - Answer -Pleural space
A noninvasive method of estimating bladder volume would be what? - Answer -Bladder
scanner
Your urine should smell like what? - Answer -Aromatic
What is normal BUN levels? - Answer -10-20
What is the normal urine output per hour? - Answer -30 mL
Urge incontinence is due to what? - Answer -An overactive bladder
Stress incontinence is when what? - Answer -Urine leaks when you laugh, cough, or
sneeze
The presence of ketones in the urine indicates what? - Answer -Rapid breakdown of fat
What is the normal creatinine level for males? - Answer -0.6-1.2 mg/dL
What is enuresis? - Answer -Involuntary urination in children beyond the age when
normal bladder control is established
What is secondary enuresis? - Answer -Child who has established proper bladder
control for a period of 6 months, but who has since lapsed back to wetting the bed
What factors may cause secondary enuresis? (4) - Answer -1. Constipation
2. Stress
3. Illness
4. Poor daytime voiding habits
A decrease in kidney function puts the patient at risk for what? - Answer -Toxicity from
medication if excretion rates are longer
The most noticeable changes with age are related to what? - Answer -Bladder (urgency
& frequency)
What causes changes in urinary urgency & frequency in men? - Answer -Enlarged
prostate gland
What causes changes in urinary urgency & frequency in women? - Answer -Weakened
muscles supporting the bladder and of the urethral sphincter after menopause (results
from decreased estrogen levels)
What interventions could be done to help the patient have more consistent urination?
(5) - Answer -1. Medications
2. Surgery
3. Behavioral training
4. Safe/easy access to bathroom
5. Habit training (scheduled time)
Urinary habits depend on what? (3) - Answer -1. Social cultural
2. Personal habits
3. Physical abilities
Which factors affect urination? (7) - Answer -1. Developmental
2. Psychosocial
3. Fluid & food intake
4. Medications
5. Muscle tone
6. Pathologic conditions
7. Surgical & diagnostic procedures
,Urinary elimination is affected by what? (5) - Answer -1. Kidneys
2. Ureters
3. Bladder
4. Urethra
5. Pelvic floor
How do medications affect urination? - Answer -1. Meds affecting ANS cause retention
2. Diuretics increase urine formation by preventing reabsorption of water & electrolytes
How does muscle tone affect urination? - Answer -Muscle tone is needed to maintain
the stretch & contractility of the detrusor muscle so the bladder can fill & empty
completely
What is the difference between stress & urge incontinence? - Answer -Stress: loss of
urine control during activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure (coughing,
sneezing, laughing, or exercise)
Urge: a sudden strong urge to void, followed by a rapid bladder contraction
What is overflow incontinence? - Answer -Inability to empty bladder completely,
resulting in a constant dribbling of urine or frequency in urination
How does alcohol increase urination? - Answer -Inhibits the production of ADH
What is the average daily fluid output for an adult? (mL) - Answer -1,400-1,500 mL
What is the average daily fluid intake for an adult? (mL) - Answer -1,200-1,500 mL
How much fluid are adults SUPPOSED to intake? (mL) - Answer -2,500 mL
What is insensible fluid loss? - Answer -The amount of fluid lost on a daily basis from
the lungs, skin, respiratory tract, and water excreted in the feces; the exact amount
cannot be measured
What is obligatory water loss? - Answer -Fluid loss that is required to maintain normal
body function; necessary for temp regulation and elimination of waste products
How much fluid is lost through obligatory losses daily? (mL) - Answer -1,300 mL
How often do infants urinate a day? - Answer -Around 20 times
How often does a school-aged child urinate? - Answer -6-8 times a day
How does ADH increase water reabsorption into the blood? (5) - Answer -1. Blood
osmolality increases
2. Osmoreceptors in hypothalamus stimulate posterior pituitary to secrete ADH
, 3. ADH increases distal tubule permeability
4. Increase of water reabsorption of H2O
5. Urine output decreases
How does ADH decrease water reabsorption into the blood? - Answer -1. Blood
osmolality decreases
2. ADH is
3. ADH causes distal tubule to become less permeable to water
4. Decrease of water reabsorption of H2O
5. Urine output increases
Whats the normal range for urine specific gravity - Answer -1.005-1.030
True or False: When testing for fecal occult blood, a green color indicates a guaiac
positive result. - Answer -False, should be blue
How do you obtain a sterile urine specimen from a patient with an indwelling catheter? -
Answer -Use a syringe to withdraw urine from the catheter tubing
An x-ray of the abdomen visualizing the kidneys, ureters, and bladder is known as
what? - Answer -KUB
What is an echcardiogram? - Answer -Visualization of the structures of the heart by
using ultrasound
What does MRI stand for? - Answer -Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Thoracentesis is removal of fluid from where? - Answer -Pleural space
A noninvasive method of estimating bladder volume would be what? - Answer -Bladder
scanner
Your urine should smell like what? - Answer -Aromatic
What is normal BUN levels? - Answer -10-20
What is the normal urine output per hour? - Answer -30 mL
Urge incontinence is due to what? - Answer -An overactive bladder
Stress incontinence is when what? - Answer -Urine leaks when you laugh, cough, or
sneeze
The presence of ketones in the urine indicates what? - Answer -Rapid breakdown of fat
What is the normal creatinine level for males? - Answer -0.6-1.2 mg/dL
