TEST BANK FOR
PHILOSOPHIES AND THEORIES FOR ADVANCED NURSING PRACTICE 3rd Edition JANIE B.
BUTTS AND KAREN L. RICH |QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS|2024|A+ GURANTEED
Chapter 1-26
Chapter 1 – Philosophy of Science: An Introduction
1. Why are natural sciences also referred to as “pure” sciences?
A. They are considered stand-alone bodies of unique knowledge.
B. They are the only sciences to which the scientific method can be applied.
C. They are the original sciences upon which all others are based.
D. They are not affected by subjectivity in the way other sciences are.
Ans: A
2. Which is not an example of an applied science as used in health care today?
A. Social work
B. Psychotherapy
C. Examination of care disparities
D. Pathology
Ans: D
3. Roberta firmly believes that individual experiences are the source of all knowledge in the world.
As a scientist, she acknowledges her role as a participant in the experiments she performs and does
consider herself merely a disconnected observer of phenomenon.
Roberta’s views are most closTeElySrTefBleActNivKeSoEf wLhLicEhRs.chCoOoMl of scientific thought?
A. Natural Science
B. Human Science
C. Applied Science
D. Soft Science
Ans: B
4. What is the ultimate goal of the scientific method?
A. Application of scientific results to a related body of knowledge in order to meet some type of
human need.
B. Examination of the decisions made by a scientist to understand the ways in which subjectivity
was introduced to the experiment.
C. Reproducible experimental results that do not take researcher individuality into account.
D. Improving the situation or process used in the experiment to yield more accurate results in
repeat experiments.
,Ans: C
5. Which of the following best describes the aim of natural sciences?
A. Affirmation of the importance of cultural understanding by uncovering the common subjective
biases of different disciplines.
B. Improvement of the quality of life by understanding what helps people maximize their
functional abilities.
C. Utilization of knowledge by applying it to a specific purpose in order to better a situation or
change viewpoints.
D. Development of knowledge for the sake of developing knowledge, discovering truth, and
controlling outcomes.
Ans: D
6. Gretchen and Peter are graduate students in the same Physics lab. Their supervisor has asked
both of them to perform the same experiment using the same procedure and equipment. After they’ve
both completed their task, the compare their results and discover that they are nearly identical. Which
of the five criteria for science does Gretchen and Peter’s discovery exemplify?
A. Intersubjective testability
B. Reliability
C. Definiteness and precision
D. Coherence
Ans: A
7. Which statement does not describe a general characteristic of philosophy?
A. Thinking for the sake of thinking.
B. Utilization of process and outcome.
C. Demarcation of wholeness and holism.
D. Application of epistemology and ontology.
Ans: C
8. Repetitive patterns of behavior dictated by past experiences is an example of which source of
knowledge?
A. Doctrine
B. Common sense
C. Tradition
D. Authority
Ans: C
9. Francisco is a chemist who rigidly applies the scientific method to all that he does, whether in
the lab or out of it, and strongly believes that all relationships are governed by cause and effect. He sees
little need for subjectivity in any area of his life, believing instead that the world is an external concept
,completely independent of individual thoughts or desires. Which philosophical school best describes
Francisco’s outlook on the world?
A. Phenomenology
B. Logical positivism
C. Hermeneutics
D. Post-structuralism
Ans: B
10. Which statement would an adherent of the perceived view most likely make?
A. “Observation is completely unbiased.”
B. “Descriptive law is the gold standard of science.”
C. “Individual phenomenon make up the whole that is the universe.”
D. “Theories are neither right nor wrong.”
Ans: D
11. Which philosophy subscribes to the idea that the universe is a whole made of interrelated
parts?
A. Logical positivism
B. Chaos and Complexity
C. Post-Structuralism
D. Hermeneutics
Ans: B
Chapter 2 – The Evolution of Nursing Science
1. Historically, nursing preparation was referred to as “training,” and many nurses educated
through the 1970s still use this term to refer to their education. Why is this terminology particularly
problematic in light of the advances made in nursing science in the last 30 years?
A. On-the-job apprenticeships are no longer as prevalent as they were up through the late 1970s
and early 1980s.
B. It places emphasis on nurses’ abilities to perform tasks rather than reason through and
understand the purpose of their actions.
C. Most modern nurses pursue Master’s level education beyond their practice-based
Bachelor’s education.
D. The last 30 years have seen nursing education move away from physician-taught courses in
hospitals to professor-taught courses at universities.
, Ans: B
2. During the 1960s, why did nursing scholars heavily emphasize a focus on the theoretical
development of nursing as its own, independent discipline?
A. To support doctoral education for nurses that was discipline specific
B. To prove that the logical positivist approach was a poor fit for the discipline
C. To encourage and enhance the continued development of nursing science
D. To promote research by nurses in all fields, not merely nursing science
Ans: C
3. Which argument best supports the idea of nursing as a professional discipline rather than an
academic discipline?
. “Nursing is an applied science. Its practice component places an emphasis on the delivery of
service by nurses rather than the development of academic knowledge.”
B. “Nursing is a discipline with unique substance. It borrows very little from other disciplines and,
as a result, is beyond the realm of most academic programs in the sciences that acknowledge idea
sharing across disciplines.”
C. “Nursing is a concept with a lengthy unofficial history. Individuals have been providing nursing
care to others since the Crusades, and this professional provision of services predates formal education
in the field.”
D. “Nursing is a relative newcomer to advanced education. For many years, nurses were educated
or trained only at a Bachelor’s level, and advanced practice therefore has its roots in the profession itself
rather than in academia.”
Ans: A
4. Which statement best describes the role that logical positivism plays in modern philosophical
thought about nursing science and science in general?
A. It remains at the forefront of the understanding of science and dictates the ways in which
scientific research is performed.
B. It works in concert with humanistic philosophies of science, with the opposing ideologies
functioning as a system of philosophical checks and balances.
C. It no longer holds sway over the sciences, but its influence is so deeply ingrained in the field that
it continues to impact modern ideas about science.
PHILOSOPHIES AND THEORIES FOR ADVANCED NURSING PRACTICE 3rd Edition JANIE B.
BUTTS AND KAREN L. RICH |QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS|2024|A+ GURANTEED
Chapter 1-26
Chapter 1 – Philosophy of Science: An Introduction
1. Why are natural sciences also referred to as “pure” sciences?
A. They are considered stand-alone bodies of unique knowledge.
B. They are the only sciences to which the scientific method can be applied.
C. They are the original sciences upon which all others are based.
D. They are not affected by subjectivity in the way other sciences are.
Ans: A
2. Which is not an example of an applied science as used in health care today?
A. Social work
B. Psychotherapy
C. Examination of care disparities
D. Pathology
Ans: D
3. Roberta firmly believes that individual experiences are the source of all knowledge in the world.
As a scientist, she acknowledges her role as a participant in the experiments she performs and does
consider herself merely a disconnected observer of phenomenon.
Roberta’s views are most closTeElySrTefBleActNivKeSoEf wLhLicEhRs.chCoOoMl of scientific thought?
A. Natural Science
B. Human Science
C. Applied Science
D. Soft Science
Ans: B
4. What is the ultimate goal of the scientific method?
A. Application of scientific results to a related body of knowledge in order to meet some type of
human need.
B. Examination of the decisions made by a scientist to understand the ways in which subjectivity
was introduced to the experiment.
C. Reproducible experimental results that do not take researcher individuality into account.
D. Improving the situation or process used in the experiment to yield more accurate results in
repeat experiments.
,Ans: C
5. Which of the following best describes the aim of natural sciences?
A. Affirmation of the importance of cultural understanding by uncovering the common subjective
biases of different disciplines.
B. Improvement of the quality of life by understanding what helps people maximize their
functional abilities.
C. Utilization of knowledge by applying it to a specific purpose in order to better a situation or
change viewpoints.
D. Development of knowledge for the sake of developing knowledge, discovering truth, and
controlling outcomes.
Ans: D
6. Gretchen and Peter are graduate students in the same Physics lab. Their supervisor has asked
both of them to perform the same experiment using the same procedure and equipment. After they’ve
both completed their task, the compare their results and discover that they are nearly identical. Which
of the five criteria for science does Gretchen and Peter’s discovery exemplify?
A. Intersubjective testability
B. Reliability
C. Definiteness and precision
D. Coherence
Ans: A
7. Which statement does not describe a general characteristic of philosophy?
A. Thinking for the sake of thinking.
B. Utilization of process and outcome.
C. Demarcation of wholeness and holism.
D. Application of epistemology and ontology.
Ans: C
8. Repetitive patterns of behavior dictated by past experiences is an example of which source of
knowledge?
A. Doctrine
B. Common sense
C. Tradition
D. Authority
Ans: C
9. Francisco is a chemist who rigidly applies the scientific method to all that he does, whether in
the lab or out of it, and strongly believes that all relationships are governed by cause and effect. He sees
little need for subjectivity in any area of his life, believing instead that the world is an external concept
,completely independent of individual thoughts or desires. Which philosophical school best describes
Francisco’s outlook on the world?
A. Phenomenology
B. Logical positivism
C. Hermeneutics
D. Post-structuralism
Ans: B
10. Which statement would an adherent of the perceived view most likely make?
A. “Observation is completely unbiased.”
B. “Descriptive law is the gold standard of science.”
C. “Individual phenomenon make up the whole that is the universe.”
D. “Theories are neither right nor wrong.”
Ans: D
11. Which philosophy subscribes to the idea that the universe is a whole made of interrelated
parts?
A. Logical positivism
B. Chaos and Complexity
C. Post-Structuralism
D. Hermeneutics
Ans: B
Chapter 2 – The Evolution of Nursing Science
1. Historically, nursing preparation was referred to as “training,” and many nurses educated
through the 1970s still use this term to refer to their education. Why is this terminology particularly
problematic in light of the advances made in nursing science in the last 30 years?
A. On-the-job apprenticeships are no longer as prevalent as they were up through the late 1970s
and early 1980s.
B. It places emphasis on nurses’ abilities to perform tasks rather than reason through and
understand the purpose of their actions.
C. Most modern nurses pursue Master’s level education beyond their practice-based
Bachelor’s education.
D. The last 30 years have seen nursing education move away from physician-taught courses in
hospitals to professor-taught courses at universities.
, Ans: B
2. During the 1960s, why did nursing scholars heavily emphasize a focus on the theoretical
development of nursing as its own, independent discipline?
A. To support doctoral education for nurses that was discipline specific
B. To prove that the logical positivist approach was a poor fit for the discipline
C. To encourage and enhance the continued development of nursing science
D. To promote research by nurses in all fields, not merely nursing science
Ans: C
3. Which argument best supports the idea of nursing as a professional discipline rather than an
academic discipline?
. “Nursing is an applied science. Its practice component places an emphasis on the delivery of
service by nurses rather than the development of academic knowledge.”
B. “Nursing is a discipline with unique substance. It borrows very little from other disciplines and,
as a result, is beyond the realm of most academic programs in the sciences that acknowledge idea
sharing across disciplines.”
C. “Nursing is a concept with a lengthy unofficial history. Individuals have been providing nursing
care to others since the Crusades, and this professional provision of services predates formal education
in the field.”
D. “Nursing is a relative newcomer to advanced education. For many years, nurses were educated
or trained only at a Bachelor’s level, and advanced practice therefore has its roots in the profession itself
rather than in academia.”
Ans: A
4. Which statement best describes the role that logical positivism plays in modern philosophical
thought about nursing science and science in general?
A. It remains at the forefront of the understanding of science and dictates the ways in which
scientific research is performed.
B. It works in concert with humanistic philosophies of science, with the opposing ideologies
functioning as a system of philosophical checks and balances.
C. It no longer holds sway over the sciences, but its influence is so deeply ingrained in the field that
it continues to impact modern ideas about science.
