Physical geography features:
● Climate/weather/precipitation
● Elevation/topography
● Temperature
● Prevailing wind patterns
● Soils
● Surface waters
● Urban features
● Others…
● Three types of boundaries: convergent (together), divergent (apart), transform
(earthquakes)
● Climate: earth, sun relationship
● Solstice = 1st day of winter/summer
● Equinox = day/night, spring/fall
● ITCZ = Intertropic convergence zone
North American geography:
● North America separated by culture (generally because they speak English) Greenland
just kind of fits into the North American sector
● Physical characteristics:
○ Maritime climates – moderate temperatures, what are precipitation, water holds
heat well to keep temperature warm year round
○ Continental climates – drier precipitation, more extreme temperatures
● Effect of elevation on temperature:
○ Adiabetic lapse rate: 3–5°/1000 feet depending on the humidity
○ CFS = cubic feet per second
● Human environment relationship:
○ Some mapmakers use landforms, like rivers to make borders for states and
countries (Rio grande)
○ The more west you go in the US, the more square of the states are because
people had fewer rivers in geographical features
○ Important for commerce, immigration and allocation of water
● North American cultural geography:
○ US national identity: national pride, power, memorials, freedom, melting pot,
independence, capitalism, private, healthcare system, city pride, national sports
, (football, basketball), national parks, protect plants and animals, wildlife refugees,
public transportation, we don’t have.
○ Canada national identity: Serup, nice, hockey, equality, free, healthcare, wildlife,
cold (too cold for agriculture), currency, commonwealth
○ North American identity: NATO
● Population:
○ TFR = total fertility rate (total Number of kids average women has in her lifetime.)
○ 2.1 = replacement rate (stable population via generation)
○ RNI = rate of national increase (births -deaths)
■ #>0 = increased population
■ #<0 = decrease population
○ East has A lot more people than the west
■ More resources, more readily available water in the east
● Demographic characteristics of US:
○ Socio economic features expressed statistically
■ Age, race, gender, etc.
○ 2010–2020
■ Utah, Idaho, Texas, North Dakota, Nevada, Colorado, Washington,
Florida, Arizona, South Carolina
■ Growing fast
■ Due to growth price, population, weather, jobs
● WV, NS, Io, CT, MA, OH, WI, PA, ME, LA
● Lowest (or negative) growth
● Due to the same reasons above just in the opposite direction
○ Important, economic ramifications, Environment, political ramifications
● Canada’s population density:
○ More people in the south of Canada, because of commerce and agriculture is
hard to do in the recipe
● Economy, energy, and water:
○ US is 4% of world population, but we use 17% of the worlds energy
■ Taking more than our share, climate change, we don’t replenish what we
take, creates international policy, since we can’t secure our own
resources. We might become dependent.
■ Climate justice (or injustice) we caused issues and don’t face those
issues
○ Renewables, coal, natural gas, nuclear, oil/gasoline
■ Main sources used in the US
■ Oil/gasoline (petroleum) is most used
■ Renewables = 12%
■ Coal = 11%
● Climate/weather/precipitation
● Elevation/topography
● Temperature
● Prevailing wind patterns
● Soils
● Surface waters
● Urban features
● Others…
● Three types of boundaries: convergent (together), divergent (apart), transform
(earthquakes)
● Climate: earth, sun relationship
● Solstice = 1st day of winter/summer
● Equinox = day/night, spring/fall
● ITCZ = Intertropic convergence zone
North American geography:
● North America separated by culture (generally because they speak English) Greenland
just kind of fits into the North American sector
● Physical characteristics:
○ Maritime climates – moderate temperatures, what are precipitation, water holds
heat well to keep temperature warm year round
○ Continental climates – drier precipitation, more extreme temperatures
● Effect of elevation on temperature:
○ Adiabetic lapse rate: 3–5°/1000 feet depending on the humidity
○ CFS = cubic feet per second
● Human environment relationship:
○ Some mapmakers use landforms, like rivers to make borders for states and
countries (Rio grande)
○ The more west you go in the US, the more square of the states are because
people had fewer rivers in geographical features
○ Important for commerce, immigration and allocation of water
● North American cultural geography:
○ US national identity: national pride, power, memorials, freedom, melting pot,
independence, capitalism, private, healthcare system, city pride, national sports
, (football, basketball), national parks, protect plants and animals, wildlife refugees,
public transportation, we don’t have.
○ Canada national identity: Serup, nice, hockey, equality, free, healthcare, wildlife,
cold (too cold for agriculture), currency, commonwealth
○ North American identity: NATO
● Population:
○ TFR = total fertility rate (total Number of kids average women has in her lifetime.)
○ 2.1 = replacement rate (stable population via generation)
○ RNI = rate of national increase (births -deaths)
■ #>0 = increased population
■ #<0 = decrease population
○ East has A lot more people than the west
■ More resources, more readily available water in the east
● Demographic characteristics of US:
○ Socio economic features expressed statistically
■ Age, race, gender, etc.
○ 2010–2020
■ Utah, Idaho, Texas, North Dakota, Nevada, Colorado, Washington,
Florida, Arizona, South Carolina
■ Growing fast
■ Due to growth price, population, weather, jobs
● WV, NS, Io, CT, MA, OH, WI, PA, ME, LA
● Lowest (or negative) growth
● Due to the same reasons above just in the opposite direction
○ Important, economic ramifications, Environment, political ramifications
● Canada’s population density:
○ More people in the south of Canada, because of commerce and agriculture is
hard to do in the recipe
● Economy, energy, and water:
○ US is 4% of world population, but we use 17% of the worlds energy
■ Taking more than our share, climate change, we don’t replenish what we
take, creates international policy, since we can’t secure our own
resources. We might become dependent.
■ Climate justice (or injustice) we caused issues and don’t face those
issues
○ Renewables, coal, natural gas, nuclear, oil/gasoline
■ Main sources used in the US
■ Oil/gasoline (petroleum) is most used
■ Renewables = 12%
■ Coal = 11%
