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A comprehensive guide on how to perform Head-to-Toe Assessment

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Head-to-Toe Physical Assessment Guide for Nursing Students (Every major parts are hyperlinked to a table of contents for ease of use) This comprehensive guide is an essential resource for nursing students and healthcare professionals looking to improve their skills in performing head-to-toe physical assessments. It provides a detailed step-by-step process for evaluating patients from head to toe, ensuring that no part of the body is overlooked in the assessment. The document covers the following key components: General Survey – Learn how to assess the patient's overall appearance, hygiene, posture, gait, and any signs of distress. Head and Neck – Detailed instructions for inspecting and palpating the head, including the scalp, face, and neck, along with assessments for any abnormalities. Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat – Step-by-step guidance on how to assess the visual acuity, external structures of the eyes, ears, nose, and mouth, and how to examine lymph nodes and sinuses for tenderness or swelling. Chest and Lungs – Instructions for examining the anterior and posterior chest, listening for abnormal breath sounds, and palpating the thorax for crepitus, masses, or tenderness. Cardiac System – Learn how to inspect and palpate for heart sounds and assess pulse points, including the apical impulse and other heart auscultation sites. Abdomen and Gastrointestinal Assessment – A clear guide for performing abdominal percussion and palpation, including assessing for liver, spleen, and kidney enlargement. Extremities and Joints – Covers the assessment of the arms, legs, feet, and toes, including range of motion tests and checking for signs of edema, pulses, and muscle tone.

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Uploaded on
October 24, 2025
Number of pages
12
Written in
2025/2026
Type
Class notes
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Professor diesto
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Health assessment in nursing (head-to-toe assessment)

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FTF R.

PHYSICAL NCM 2107b




ASSESSMENT
Head-to-Toe

, Table of Contents | Figures
Assessment: General survey Figure 22 Percussion sequence and normal percussion
tones (posterior thorax)
Assessment: Head Figure 23 Auscultation sequence and location of
Figure 1 Temporal arteries palpation breath sounds (posterior thorax)

Figure 2 TMJ palpation Figure 24 All about voice sounds

Figure 25 All about breath sounds
Assessment: Eyes
Figure 3 Inspecting palpebral & bulbar conjunctiva Assessment: Anterior chest

Figure 4 Abnormal findings (eye) Figure 26 Sequence in palpating the anterior thorax

Figure 5 Anatomy of the Eye Figure 27 Sequence in percussing the anterior thorax

Figure 28 Normal percussion tones
Assessment: Ears
Figure 29 Location of breath sounds
Figure 6 Inspecting the external eye
Figure 30 Sequence for Auscultation (anterior thorax)
Figure 7 Mastoid Process

Figure 8 Anatomy of the Ear Assessment: Heart
Figure 31 The apical impulse and the base & apex of
Assessment: Nose & Sinuses the heart
Figure 9 Palpating the sinuses
Figure 32 Mitral, Tricuspid, Erb’s, pulmonic, and aortic
Figure 10 checking airflow areas

Figure 33 Auscultation of left sternal border
Assessment: Mouth & Throat
Figure 11 Structures of the mouth Assessment: Abdomen

Figure 12 Inspecting the buccal mucosa Figure 34 Percussion of abdominal quadrants, liver,
and spleen
Figure 13 Inspecting the Uvula
Figure 35 Performing light palpation in the abdomen
Figure 14 Inspecting the dorsal & ventral surface of the
tongue Figure 36 Structures that are normally palpated in the
abdomen
Figure 15 The Wharton’s duct
Figure 37 Deep palpation for masses (Abdomen)
Assessment: Neck Figure 38 Deep palpation of liver
Figure 16 Palpating the Trachea
Figure 39 palpation of spleen
Figure 17 Lymph nodes
Figure 40 Palpation of Kidney
Assessment: Arms, Hands, & Fingers Figure 41 Palpation of aortic pulse
Figure 18 Palpating the Epitrochlear Lymph nodes Assessment: Legs, Feet, & Toes
Figure 19 Pulses
Figure 42 Palpating the femoral pulse
Assessment: Posterior & Lateral chest Figure 43 Palpating the popliteal pulse
Figure 20 Sequence for palpating posterior thorax Figure 44 Palpating the posterior tibial pulse
Figure 21 Starting position of assessing Symmetry of Figure 45 Palpating the dorsalis pedis pulse
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