CPR AND FIRST AID TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS MARKED A+
✔✔Caring for serious wounds with severe bleeding - ✔✔1. seek medical help
immediately, protect yourself from blood by wearing disposable gloves
2. lay victim down, elevate feet and legs. Place in half-seated position if a head wound
3. find the wound by following the blood. Uncover wound if under clothing
4 place dressing over wound and apply direct pressure
5. raise wound above level of heart and continue to apply direct pressure if arm or leg is
wounded
6. apply pressure at pressure point if bleeding continues
7. release pressure point and secure with bandage when bleeding stops. Do not remove
dressings
✔✔Pressure points - ✔✔areas where arteries lie over a bone
✔✔Signs of internal bleeding - ✔✔bleeding from ears, nose, mouth or eyes, coughing
up blood, bruises near skin surface
✔✔Internal bleeding procedure - ✔✔1. lay person down, raise legs 8-12 inches (unless
head injury--of so, put in reclining position)
2. lay vomiting person on left side
3. cover victim with warmth, seek medical help immediately
✔✔Shock - ✔✔a condition in which some body organs are not getting enough
oxygenated blood. It may occur when heart is not pumping properly, a considerable
amount of blood is lost from the body hemorrhaging, dehydration or a systemic
infection, or when the nervous system is damaged by injury or drugs
✔✔Symptoms of shock - ✔✔anxious, restless, lethargic (slow-moving), unconscious,
pale and cold skin, nauseous or vomiting, increased pulse and respiration rates, bluish
tinge to skin, thirsty, dilated (enlarged) pupils
✔✔Treating shock - ✔✔1. check ABCs and treat for injuries
2. lay victim on back
3. raise legs 8-12 inches
4. cover with blankets, coats
5. call for medical assistance
6. do not give victim anything to eat or drink
✔✔Burn - ✔✔an injury to the skin and other tissues caused by heat, chemicals,
electricity, or radiation. The degree refers to the depth of tissue damage
✔✔First degree burns - ✔✔burns that affect only the outer layer of the skin and look
pink. Take 3-6 days to heal. No scars.
, ✔✔Second degree burns - ✔✔burns that go into the inner skin layer and are red,
swollen, and blistered. Take less than 3 weeks to heal. Scars possible.
✔✔Third degree burns - ✔✔burns that go through all skin layers as well as tissue
beneath the skin. Burns appear white, tan or charred black. Skin graft must be
performed to heal. Some scarring. Take months to heal.
✔✔Treating first degree burns - ✔✔apply cool water until pain stops, apply moisturizing
lotion
✔✔Treating second degree burns - ✔✔apply cool water until pain stops, apply
antibacterial ointment, seek medical attention if severe
✔✔Treating third degree burns - ✔✔cover with clean, dry cloth; treat for shock; seek
medical attention immediately
✔✔Thermal burns - ✔✔caused by contact with open flames, hot liquids or surfaces, or
other sources of high heat
Treat by removing victim from source, cool burn with water, check for bleeding and
shock, seek medical attention
✔✔Chemical burns - ✔✔caused by contact with chemicals that can burn the skin
Treat by flushing burn with lots of cool water to remove chemical, or brush powdered
chemical off skin with clean cloth
✔✔Electrical burns - ✔✔direct exposure to electricity
Treat by shutting off current, approach only if safe, cool burn with water, check
breathing and for signs of bleeding, treat for shock, seek medical attention
✔✔Special consideration for burns - ✔✔Seek medical help if severe 2nd degree, 3rd
degree, chemical or electrical burns
Never apply ointment or cream to severe burn
Never remove clothing stuck to burn wound
Always treat burns to face, hands and feet as severe.
✔✔Fracture - ✔✔crack or break in a bone
✔✔Dislocation - ✔✔injury in which a bone has been forced out of its normal position in
a joint
✔✔Open fracture - ✔✔skin is broken and bone ends may stick out of skin; obvious
wound
SOLUTIONS MARKED A+
✔✔Caring for serious wounds with severe bleeding - ✔✔1. seek medical help
immediately, protect yourself from blood by wearing disposable gloves
2. lay victim down, elevate feet and legs. Place in half-seated position if a head wound
3. find the wound by following the blood. Uncover wound if under clothing
4 place dressing over wound and apply direct pressure
5. raise wound above level of heart and continue to apply direct pressure if arm or leg is
wounded
6. apply pressure at pressure point if bleeding continues
7. release pressure point and secure with bandage when bleeding stops. Do not remove
dressings
✔✔Pressure points - ✔✔areas where arteries lie over a bone
✔✔Signs of internal bleeding - ✔✔bleeding from ears, nose, mouth or eyes, coughing
up blood, bruises near skin surface
✔✔Internal bleeding procedure - ✔✔1. lay person down, raise legs 8-12 inches (unless
head injury--of so, put in reclining position)
2. lay vomiting person on left side
3. cover victim with warmth, seek medical help immediately
✔✔Shock - ✔✔a condition in which some body organs are not getting enough
oxygenated blood. It may occur when heart is not pumping properly, a considerable
amount of blood is lost from the body hemorrhaging, dehydration or a systemic
infection, or when the nervous system is damaged by injury or drugs
✔✔Symptoms of shock - ✔✔anxious, restless, lethargic (slow-moving), unconscious,
pale and cold skin, nauseous or vomiting, increased pulse and respiration rates, bluish
tinge to skin, thirsty, dilated (enlarged) pupils
✔✔Treating shock - ✔✔1. check ABCs and treat for injuries
2. lay victim on back
3. raise legs 8-12 inches
4. cover with blankets, coats
5. call for medical assistance
6. do not give victim anything to eat or drink
✔✔Burn - ✔✔an injury to the skin and other tissues caused by heat, chemicals,
electricity, or radiation. The degree refers to the depth of tissue damage
✔✔First degree burns - ✔✔burns that affect only the outer layer of the skin and look
pink. Take 3-6 days to heal. No scars.
, ✔✔Second degree burns - ✔✔burns that go into the inner skin layer and are red,
swollen, and blistered. Take less than 3 weeks to heal. Scars possible.
✔✔Third degree burns - ✔✔burns that go through all skin layers as well as tissue
beneath the skin. Burns appear white, tan or charred black. Skin graft must be
performed to heal. Some scarring. Take months to heal.
✔✔Treating first degree burns - ✔✔apply cool water until pain stops, apply moisturizing
lotion
✔✔Treating second degree burns - ✔✔apply cool water until pain stops, apply
antibacterial ointment, seek medical attention if severe
✔✔Treating third degree burns - ✔✔cover with clean, dry cloth; treat for shock; seek
medical attention immediately
✔✔Thermal burns - ✔✔caused by contact with open flames, hot liquids or surfaces, or
other sources of high heat
Treat by removing victim from source, cool burn with water, check for bleeding and
shock, seek medical attention
✔✔Chemical burns - ✔✔caused by contact with chemicals that can burn the skin
Treat by flushing burn with lots of cool water to remove chemical, or brush powdered
chemical off skin with clean cloth
✔✔Electrical burns - ✔✔direct exposure to electricity
Treat by shutting off current, approach only if safe, cool burn with water, check
breathing and for signs of bleeding, treat for shock, seek medical attention
✔✔Special consideration for burns - ✔✔Seek medical help if severe 2nd degree, 3rd
degree, chemical or electrical burns
Never apply ointment or cream to severe burn
Never remove clothing stuck to burn wound
Always treat burns to face, hands and feet as severe.
✔✔Fracture - ✔✔crack or break in a bone
✔✔Dislocation - ✔✔injury in which a bone has been forced out of its normal position in
a joint
✔✔Open fracture - ✔✔skin is broken and bone ends may stick out of skin; obvious
wound
