ANS 331 Exam 2 - 2023
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hspimz
1. Where does a protein hormone bind to?: plasma membrane
2. Where does a fast steroid hormone bind to?: plasma membrane
3. Where does a slow steroid hormone bind to?: nuclear receptors
4. What is a pheromone?: substances that are secreted outside of the body detected by the olfactory system
5. List the four factors that determine the strength of hormone action?: receptor
hormone affinity, receptor density, half-life, pattern and duration
6. Describe the purpose of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system: allows
minute quantities of GnRH to enter bloodstream without dilution
7. List bodily substances that you can measure hormones with.: Saliva, blood, milk,
urine, tears, feces
8. what are two types of tests that can measure hormones: ELISA - enzyme linked
immuno-absorbant assay
RIA - radio immuno-assay
9. what's the best way to determine puberty for a female?: age where she can fully support
a fetus
10. what's the best way to determine puberty for a male?: age where there is adequate
amount of spermatozoa
11. In the female, what are the two main factors that impact hypothalamic GnRH
neuron development?: threshold body size
environmental and social
12. T or F - Feeding prepubertal heifers above the average amount can result in
decreased age of puberty. If false, make it true: True
13. T or F - Pigs are one of the only domestic livestock species that will not have
adjusted puberty times based on environmental cues.: False
14. T or F - Fall-calved heifers tend to reach puberty earlier. If false, make it
true: True
15. T or F - All lambs reach puberty in January.: False
16. List environmental factors that might affect a female reaching puberty: season
born, photoperiod (sheep), exposure to male (swine, bovine), group size and density, stress, breed, nutrition
17. The hypothalamus functions as the control center for many endocrine
processes. The hypothalamus is inherently _______. During embryogenesis in
1/7
, ANS 331 Exam 2 - 2023
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hspimz
the male, ______ from the testes is androgenized to _______, which knocks out
the _________ in the male hypothalamus.: female, testosterone, estradiol, surge center
18. The female fetus produces ______, but it binds to a molecule called
________________ which does not allow it to cross the ______________ barrier: estradiol,
aplha-feto protein
19. List 6 reasons an animal may be experiencing anestrus: pregnancy, season, lactation,
stress, disease, presence of children
20. List the phases of estrous cycle in order starting with proestrus: proestrus, estrus,
ovulation, metestrus, diestrus, luteolysis
21. what are the different type of estrous cycles. Give species example for
each: seasonal polyestrus - horses (long days) and sheep (short days)
polyestrus - cows
monoestrus - dogs
22. T or F - Metestrus and diestrus are the two stages of the follicular phase: False
23. T or F - Diestrus is the longest stage in the estrous cycle: True
24. T or F - The estrous cycle is a brief period of sexual receptivity between
proestrus and metestrus right before ovulation: False
25. What are the two phases of the estrous cycle with major endocrine transi-
tions (switching from one hormone being dominant to another being domi-
nant)?: Metestrus and proestrus
26. What hormone is dominant during proestrus and estrus?: estradiol
27. Diestrus ends with an event called _______. This is the "killing" of the CL
and is caused by PGF2a which is secreted from the ______________: luteolysis, uterine
endometrium
28. The queen enters estrus for ____ days. This happens every ____or ______
days: 9, 8 or 17
29. Queen - If ovulation does not occur , she enters ______ and then comes into
estrus a few days later. When mating does not occur, she will not _______, and
thus will not form a _____: proestrus, ovulate, CL
30. What type of ovulation occurs with the queen?: induced
31. Which phase if the same length in the bitch, regardless of pregnancy or
openness? How long is it?: diestrus, 63 days
2/7
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hspimz
1. Where does a protein hormone bind to?: plasma membrane
2. Where does a fast steroid hormone bind to?: plasma membrane
3. Where does a slow steroid hormone bind to?: nuclear receptors
4. What is a pheromone?: substances that are secreted outside of the body detected by the olfactory system
5. List the four factors that determine the strength of hormone action?: receptor
hormone affinity, receptor density, half-life, pattern and duration
6. Describe the purpose of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system: allows
minute quantities of GnRH to enter bloodstream without dilution
7. List bodily substances that you can measure hormones with.: Saliva, blood, milk,
urine, tears, feces
8. what are two types of tests that can measure hormones: ELISA - enzyme linked
immuno-absorbant assay
RIA - radio immuno-assay
9. what's the best way to determine puberty for a female?: age where she can fully support
a fetus
10. what's the best way to determine puberty for a male?: age where there is adequate
amount of spermatozoa
11. In the female, what are the two main factors that impact hypothalamic GnRH
neuron development?: threshold body size
environmental and social
12. T or F - Feeding prepubertal heifers above the average amount can result in
decreased age of puberty. If false, make it true: True
13. T or F - Pigs are one of the only domestic livestock species that will not have
adjusted puberty times based on environmental cues.: False
14. T or F - Fall-calved heifers tend to reach puberty earlier. If false, make it
true: True
15. T or F - All lambs reach puberty in January.: False
16. List environmental factors that might affect a female reaching puberty: season
born, photoperiod (sheep), exposure to male (swine, bovine), group size and density, stress, breed, nutrition
17. The hypothalamus functions as the control center for many endocrine
processes. The hypothalamus is inherently _______. During embryogenesis in
1/7
, ANS 331 Exam 2 - 2023
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hspimz
the male, ______ from the testes is androgenized to _______, which knocks out
the _________ in the male hypothalamus.: female, testosterone, estradiol, surge center
18. The female fetus produces ______, but it binds to a molecule called
________________ which does not allow it to cross the ______________ barrier: estradiol,
aplha-feto protein
19. List 6 reasons an animal may be experiencing anestrus: pregnancy, season, lactation,
stress, disease, presence of children
20. List the phases of estrous cycle in order starting with proestrus: proestrus, estrus,
ovulation, metestrus, diestrus, luteolysis
21. what are the different type of estrous cycles. Give species example for
each: seasonal polyestrus - horses (long days) and sheep (short days)
polyestrus - cows
monoestrus - dogs
22. T or F - Metestrus and diestrus are the two stages of the follicular phase: False
23. T or F - Diestrus is the longest stage in the estrous cycle: True
24. T or F - The estrous cycle is a brief period of sexual receptivity between
proestrus and metestrus right before ovulation: False
25. What are the two phases of the estrous cycle with major endocrine transi-
tions (switching from one hormone being dominant to another being domi-
nant)?: Metestrus and proestrus
26. What hormone is dominant during proestrus and estrus?: estradiol
27. Diestrus ends with an event called _______. This is the "killing" of the CL
and is caused by PGF2a which is secreted from the ______________: luteolysis, uterine
endometrium
28. The queen enters estrus for ____ days. This happens every ____or ______
days: 9, 8 or 17
29. Queen - If ovulation does not occur , she enters ______ and then comes into
estrus a few days later. When mating does not occur, she will not _______, and
thus will not form a _____: proestrus, ovulate, CL
30. What type of ovulation occurs with the queen?: induced
31. Which phase if the same length in the bitch, regardless of pregnancy or
openness? How long is it?: diestrus, 63 days
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