68W STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS MARKED
A+
✔✔With signs of cerebral herniation, posturing with asymmetric or bilateral dilated
pupils - ✔✔When do you hyperventilate TBI patients
✔✔Hypertonic saline and colloids preferred to maintain SYS above 90 - ✔✔Fluid
resuscitation for TBI
✔✔Mannitol 1.4-2.1 g/kg - ✔✔May use this with signs of herniation but may exacerbate
hypotension
✔✔Traumatic iridoplegia - ✔✔Paralysis of the sphincter of the iris
✔✔High Altitude Illness - ✔✔Cerebral and pulmonary syndromes that can develop in an
un-acclimatized persons activity shortly after ascent to high altitude
✔✔High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE) - ✔✔Acute accumulation of fluid in the
aveoli due to rapid ascent in altitude
✔✔High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE) - ✔✔Acute swelling of the brain due to rapid
ascent in altitude
✔✔Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) - ✔✔Syndrome due to rapid ascent in altitude
consisting of headache, nausea, vomiting, and fatigue
✔✔Apnea - ✔✔Cessation of breathing
✔✔Edema - ✔✔Localized or generalized excessive amount of tissue fluid (swelling)
✔✔Hypoxia - ✔✔Inadequate oxygen content in the blood (hypoxemia)
✔✔Hypobaric hypoxia - ✔✔Hypoxia due to decreased availability ofoxygen in ambient
air
✔✔Acclimatization - ✔✔Process whereby the body gradually adapts to the climate and
environment
✔✔Staged Ascent - ✔✔Requires soldiers to ascend to a moderate altitude and remain
there for 3 days or more to acclimatize before ascending higher
✔✔Graded Ascent - ✔✔limits the daily altitude gain to allow partial acclimatization
,✔✔Diffusion - ✔✔The flow of a gas or liquid from an area of higher concentration to an
area of lesser concentration
✔✔Gradient - ✔✔The difference in pressures from the high concentration to a lower
concentration
✔✔Partial pressure - ✔✔Pressure of one particular gas in a gas mixture.
✔✔Altitude increases - ✔✔What happens when atmospheric pressure decreases
✔✔Liquid - ✔✔Gases in the body are dissolved in what?
✔✔No referral needed, Stop ascent until symptoms resolve then resume, o2 therapy,
antiemetic, acetazolamide, prognosis good within 24hrs - ✔✔How to manage Acute
Mountain Sickness
✔✔Immediate descent and evac, continuous o2, dexamethasone, antemetic,
furosemide (Lasix), consider hyperbaric therapy, possible rehab, prognosis good with
correct care, without care brain herniation likely - ✔✔Management of High Altitude
Cerebral edema
✔✔Immediate descent and evac, keep patient warm, O2 therapy, Dexamethasone,
Procardia, consider hyperbaric therapy, possibly long term based pulmonary damage,
good prognosis with approp. care, death with no care - ✔✔Management of high altitude
pulmonary edema
✔✔Gamow Bag - ✔✔portable pressure chambers used to treat causalities with altitude
disorders
✔✔2 hours; 4 hours; 6 hours - ✔✔How long does AMS treatment take in the
bag?HAPE? HACE?
✔✔Combination of both graded and staging ascent - ✔✔Which type of acclimatization
is the safest and most effective
✔✔No - ✔✔Is there a way to speed the acclimatization process?
✔✔Oxygen remains the same - ✔✔What happens to oxygen as altitude increases?
✔✔Raise concentration of oxygen inhaled or increase the pressure around the patient
or both - ✔✔What are 2 ways to increase PO2 in the blood?
, ✔✔No, most reliable information is past experiences - ✔✔Is there a reliable way to
identify Soldiers who cannot acclimatize?
✔✔Axial (Transverse) - ✔✔Divides the body into superior and inferior portions
✔✔Coronal (Frontal) - ✔✔Divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
✔✔Sagittal (Vertical) - ✔✔Divides the body into left and right sides
✔✔Supination - ✔✔Movement at forearm in which palm faces up anteriorly
✔✔Pronation - ✔✔The act of turning the palm posteriorly or inferiorly by medially
rotating the forearm
✔✔Abduction - ✔✔Movement of the limbs toward the lateral plane or away from the
axial line of a limb
✔✔Adduction - ✔✔Movement of the limbs toward the medial plane of the body or the
axial line of a limb
✔✔Flexion - ✔✔Movement that decreases the angle between 2 articulating bones,
bending the limb
✔✔Extension - ✔✔Movement that increases the angle between 2 adjoining bones
✔✔Dislocation - ✔✔a displacement of a bone from a joint
✔✔Subluxation - ✔✔A partial or incomplete dislocation
✔✔Shoulder dislocation - ✔✔Occurs when the humerus seperates from the scapula at
the glenohumeral joint
✔✔Falling/Anterior Dislocation - ✔✔Most common cause of shoulder dislocation; Most
common dislocation seen?
✔✔Positive Sulcus sign, swelling, bruising - ✔✔Exam findings for dislocated shoulder
✔✔Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis - ✔✔4 tendons of the
rotator cuff
✔✔Epicondylitis - ✔✔Inflammation of the tendons that join the forearm muscles on the
inner and outer aspects of the elbow.
A+
✔✔With signs of cerebral herniation, posturing with asymmetric or bilateral dilated
pupils - ✔✔When do you hyperventilate TBI patients
✔✔Hypertonic saline and colloids preferred to maintain SYS above 90 - ✔✔Fluid
resuscitation for TBI
✔✔Mannitol 1.4-2.1 g/kg - ✔✔May use this with signs of herniation but may exacerbate
hypotension
✔✔Traumatic iridoplegia - ✔✔Paralysis of the sphincter of the iris
✔✔High Altitude Illness - ✔✔Cerebral and pulmonary syndromes that can develop in an
un-acclimatized persons activity shortly after ascent to high altitude
✔✔High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE) - ✔✔Acute accumulation of fluid in the
aveoli due to rapid ascent in altitude
✔✔High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE) - ✔✔Acute swelling of the brain due to rapid
ascent in altitude
✔✔Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) - ✔✔Syndrome due to rapid ascent in altitude
consisting of headache, nausea, vomiting, and fatigue
✔✔Apnea - ✔✔Cessation of breathing
✔✔Edema - ✔✔Localized or generalized excessive amount of tissue fluid (swelling)
✔✔Hypoxia - ✔✔Inadequate oxygen content in the blood (hypoxemia)
✔✔Hypobaric hypoxia - ✔✔Hypoxia due to decreased availability ofoxygen in ambient
air
✔✔Acclimatization - ✔✔Process whereby the body gradually adapts to the climate and
environment
✔✔Staged Ascent - ✔✔Requires soldiers to ascend to a moderate altitude and remain
there for 3 days or more to acclimatize before ascending higher
✔✔Graded Ascent - ✔✔limits the daily altitude gain to allow partial acclimatization
,✔✔Diffusion - ✔✔The flow of a gas or liquid from an area of higher concentration to an
area of lesser concentration
✔✔Gradient - ✔✔The difference in pressures from the high concentration to a lower
concentration
✔✔Partial pressure - ✔✔Pressure of one particular gas in a gas mixture.
✔✔Altitude increases - ✔✔What happens when atmospheric pressure decreases
✔✔Liquid - ✔✔Gases in the body are dissolved in what?
✔✔No referral needed, Stop ascent until symptoms resolve then resume, o2 therapy,
antiemetic, acetazolamide, prognosis good within 24hrs - ✔✔How to manage Acute
Mountain Sickness
✔✔Immediate descent and evac, continuous o2, dexamethasone, antemetic,
furosemide (Lasix), consider hyperbaric therapy, possible rehab, prognosis good with
correct care, without care brain herniation likely - ✔✔Management of High Altitude
Cerebral edema
✔✔Immediate descent and evac, keep patient warm, O2 therapy, Dexamethasone,
Procardia, consider hyperbaric therapy, possibly long term based pulmonary damage,
good prognosis with approp. care, death with no care - ✔✔Management of high altitude
pulmonary edema
✔✔Gamow Bag - ✔✔portable pressure chambers used to treat causalities with altitude
disorders
✔✔2 hours; 4 hours; 6 hours - ✔✔How long does AMS treatment take in the
bag?HAPE? HACE?
✔✔Combination of both graded and staging ascent - ✔✔Which type of acclimatization
is the safest and most effective
✔✔No - ✔✔Is there a way to speed the acclimatization process?
✔✔Oxygen remains the same - ✔✔What happens to oxygen as altitude increases?
✔✔Raise concentration of oxygen inhaled or increase the pressure around the patient
or both - ✔✔What are 2 ways to increase PO2 in the blood?
, ✔✔No, most reliable information is past experiences - ✔✔Is there a reliable way to
identify Soldiers who cannot acclimatize?
✔✔Axial (Transverse) - ✔✔Divides the body into superior and inferior portions
✔✔Coronal (Frontal) - ✔✔Divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
✔✔Sagittal (Vertical) - ✔✔Divides the body into left and right sides
✔✔Supination - ✔✔Movement at forearm in which palm faces up anteriorly
✔✔Pronation - ✔✔The act of turning the palm posteriorly or inferiorly by medially
rotating the forearm
✔✔Abduction - ✔✔Movement of the limbs toward the lateral plane or away from the
axial line of a limb
✔✔Adduction - ✔✔Movement of the limbs toward the medial plane of the body or the
axial line of a limb
✔✔Flexion - ✔✔Movement that decreases the angle between 2 articulating bones,
bending the limb
✔✔Extension - ✔✔Movement that increases the angle between 2 adjoining bones
✔✔Dislocation - ✔✔a displacement of a bone from a joint
✔✔Subluxation - ✔✔A partial or incomplete dislocation
✔✔Shoulder dislocation - ✔✔Occurs when the humerus seperates from the scapula at
the glenohumeral joint
✔✔Falling/Anterior Dislocation - ✔✔Most common cause of shoulder dislocation; Most
common dislocation seen?
✔✔Positive Sulcus sign, swelling, bruising - ✔✔Exam findings for dislocated shoulder
✔✔Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis - ✔✔4 tendons of the
rotator cuff
✔✔Epicondylitis - ✔✔Inflammation of the tendons that join the forearm muscles on the
inner and outer aspects of the elbow.
