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Rheobase -
correct answer ✅the lowest point on a strength duration
curve at an infinitely long pulse duration
Chronaxie time -
correct answer ✅the pulse width at twice the rheobase
value. It approximates the most efficient stimulation pulse duration
Charge (formula) -
correct answer ✅Charge= I(current) x T(time)
Furman's formula -
correct answer ✅Energy(microjoules)=
I(current)xV(voltage)xT(pulse width)
,CCDS IBHRE Exam Actual Questions
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Ohms law formula -
correct answer ✅Voltage(electromotive force)=
I(current/flow of electrons) x R(resistance to current flow in ohms)
Functional Refractory Period -
correct answer ✅the coupling interval which first results in a
measurable degree of delay in impulse conduction
Effective Refractory Period -
correct answer ✅the longest coupling interval to be
associated with block
Devices with NO interaction with pacers -
correct answer ✅1. microwave oven, 2. CT scan/Ultrasound
3. X-rays (diagnostic)
Devices that cause transient or 1 beat inhibition -
correct answer ✅1. EAS 2. Cellphones 3. Arc Welding 4.
airport metal detector 5. TENS 6. Electric appliances such as electric
blanket & power tools
,CCDS IBHRE Exam Actual Questions
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Devices that may damage the pacemaker -
correct answer ✅1. MRI 2. Defibrillator 3. Cardioversion 4.
Cautery/RF Ablation 5. Radiation Therapy
Resistance in Series -
correct answer ✅Series means the beginning of one
resistance is connected to another
Sum the resistances: R1+R2= total resistance. EX: A LEAD FRACTURE
(fractures INCREASE impedance)
Resistance in Parallel -
correct answer ✅Parallel means all the resistances are
connected to the same point.
(R1xR2)/(R1+R2)= total resistance
EX: LEAD INSULATION DEFECTS (insulation defects DECREASE
impedance)
, CCDS IBHRE Exam Actual Questions
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Permanent pacemakers are constant voltage or constant current? -
correct answer ✅ALL permanent pacemakers are constant
voltage devices.
SOME temp pacemakers are constant voltage, most are constant
current.
LOAD -
correct answer ✅Load refers to impedance (or resistance)
applied to a circuit.
A system with a SMALL load (low impedance) applied to the circuit
is said to be a constant current device
A system with LARGE load is said to be a constant voltage device
Guidelines for Permanent Pacing -
correct answer ✅1. Patient is symptomatic
2. The heart rate is less than 40 bpm
3. Asystole of greater than 3 seconds is documented