NUR 304 Midterm - Quinnipiac University Questions With
Complete Solutions
What is cephalocaudal growth?
Growth occurs from head to toe (example: infants must learn to
lift head before crawling)
What is proximodistal development?
Development that moves from the center of the body outward to
the extremities (example: infants learn to use their torso before
they gain control over their arms and legs)
Name the 3 principles of development.
• Simple skills develop separately and independently
• Each body system grows at its own rate
• Body system functions become increasingly differentiated over
time
What is Havighurst's Developmental Task Theory?
• Theory is a lifelong learning process where tasks must be
completed in each stage
6 life stages:
• Infants/toddlers
• Pre-school/school age
• Adolescent
• Young adult
,• Middle adult
• Old age
• If a person successfully moves through these stages and
completes the tasks in each, they will be happy, satisfied, and
accepted by society - if they don't, they will feel unhappy,
unsatisfied and receive disapproval from society
Name the 5 stages of Freud's Psychosexual Development
Theory.
1) Oral (0-18 months): sucking
2) Anal (18 months-3): potty training
3) Phallic (3-6): Oedipus and Electra complex
4) Latency (6-12): no sexual urges
5) Genital (13-20): sexual maturation
What is the id and when does it develop?
- Instinctual urges
- Develops at birth
What is the ego and when does it develop?
- Reality; balances urges from id
- Develops at 4-6 months
What is the superego and when does it develop?
- Conscience
- Develops at 5-6 years
What is Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory?
,• Adaptation: ability to adjust to and interact with environment
• Assimilation: able to integrate new experiences with existing
ideas
• Accommodation: change their system of knowledge that
results in processing of new information
4 stages:
• 1) Sensorimotor (0-2)
• 2) Preoperational (2-7)
• 3) Concrete operations (7-11)
• 4) Formal reasoning (11 and older)
What is Erikson's psychosocial development theory?
• At each stage, the person has to accomplish certain tasks – if
these tasks aren’t accomplished, then they have difficulty in next
relationship
• 8 stages:
1) Trust vs. mistrust (0-1)
2) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt (2-3)
3) Initiative vs. guilt (3-5)
4) Industry vs. inferiority (6-11)
5) Identity vs. role confusion (12-18)
6) Intimacy vs. isolation (19-40)
7) Generativity vs. stagnation (40-65)
, 8) Ego integrity vs. despair (65-death)
What is Kohlberg's Moral Development Theory?
Stages of moral development:
Level 1. Preconventional
Stage 1—punishment–obedience orientation (right action is that
which avoids punishment)
Stage 2—personal interest orientation (right action is that which
satisfies personal needs)
Level 2. Conventional
Stage 3—“good boy–nice girl” orientation (right actions are
those that please others)
Stage 4—law-and-order orientation (right action is following the
rules)
Level 3. Postconventional
Stage 5—legalistic, social contract orientation (right action is
decided in terms of individual rights and standards agreed upon
by the whole society)
Stage 6—universal ethical principles orientation (right action is
determined by conscience and abstract principles such as the
Golden Rule)
What is Gilligan's Moral Development Theory?
Builds on Kohlberg's theory, but is designed for females
Stages of moral development:
Complete Solutions
What is cephalocaudal growth?
Growth occurs from head to toe (example: infants must learn to
lift head before crawling)
What is proximodistal development?
Development that moves from the center of the body outward to
the extremities (example: infants learn to use their torso before
they gain control over their arms and legs)
Name the 3 principles of development.
• Simple skills develop separately and independently
• Each body system grows at its own rate
• Body system functions become increasingly differentiated over
time
What is Havighurst's Developmental Task Theory?
• Theory is a lifelong learning process where tasks must be
completed in each stage
6 life stages:
• Infants/toddlers
• Pre-school/school age
• Adolescent
• Young adult
,• Middle adult
• Old age
• If a person successfully moves through these stages and
completes the tasks in each, they will be happy, satisfied, and
accepted by society - if they don't, they will feel unhappy,
unsatisfied and receive disapproval from society
Name the 5 stages of Freud's Psychosexual Development
Theory.
1) Oral (0-18 months): sucking
2) Anal (18 months-3): potty training
3) Phallic (3-6): Oedipus and Electra complex
4) Latency (6-12): no sexual urges
5) Genital (13-20): sexual maturation
What is the id and when does it develop?
- Instinctual urges
- Develops at birth
What is the ego and when does it develop?
- Reality; balances urges from id
- Develops at 4-6 months
What is the superego and when does it develop?
- Conscience
- Develops at 5-6 years
What is Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory?
,• Adaptation: ability to adjust to and interact with environment
• Assimilation: able to integrate new experiences with existing
ideas
• Accommodation: change their system of knowledge that
results in processing of new information
4 stages:
• 1) Sensorimotor (0-2)
• 2) Preoperational (2-7)
• 3) Concrete operations (7-11)
• 4) Formal reasoning (11 and older)
What is Erikson's psychosocial development theory?
• At each stage, the person has to accomplish certain tasks – if
these tasks aren’t accomplished, then they have difficulty in next
relationship
• 8 stages:
1) Trust vs. mistrust (0-1)
2) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt (2-3)
3) Initiative vs. guilt (3-5)
4) Industry vs. inferiority (6-11)
5) Identity vs. role confusion (12-18)
6) Intimacy vs. isolation (19-40)
7) Generativity vs. stagnation (40-65)
, 8) Ego integrity vs. despair (65-death)
What is Kohlberg's Moral Development Theory?
Stages of moral development:
Level 1. Preconventional
Stage 1—punishment–obedience orientation (right action is that
which avoids punishment)
Stage 2—personal interest orientation (right action is that which
satisfies personal needs)
Level 2. Conventional
Stage 3—“good boy–nice girl” orientation (right actions are
those that please others)
Stage 4—law-and-order orientation (right action is following the
rules)
Level 3. Postconventional
Stage 5—legalistic, social contract orientation (right action is
decided in terms of individual rights and standards agreed upon
by the whole society)
Stage 6—universal ethical principles orientation (right action is
determined by conscience and abstract principles such as the
Golden Rule)
What is Gilligan's Moral Development Theory?
Builds on Kohlberg's theory, but is designed for females
Stages of moral development:
