Intro to Pediatric Surgery Questions and
answers
What is gastroschisis? - ✅✅Abdominal wall defect, no sac covering bowel, usually isolated, intestine
outside of body (occasionally colon, bladder, gonads
Where is gastroschisis? - ✅✅Right of umbilicus
What is an omphalocele? - ✅✅Abdominal wall defect, covered by peritoneal sac, associated
anomalies, intestine and liver in peritoneum-amniotic-membrane outside body, sometimes spleen,
colon, bladder
Where is an omphalocele? - ✅✅Midline defect at umbilicus
When does a gastroschisis occur? - ✅✅- GI tract develops outside of the body at 10 weeks
- at 10-12 weeks, a defect in the abdominal wall causes the intestines to remain outside the body,
protruding through a hole usually to the right of the umbilical cord
What is the treatment for gastroschisis? - ✅✅Silo
How is a silo performed for gastroschisis? - ✅✅- after baby is born the intestines are put in a silo and
the bag is hung above the body to let gravity ease the intestines into the abdomen
- after several days, surgeons put any remaining intestines back into the body and close up the hole
- baby is fed through a tube until the intestines heal enough to digest breast milk
What is always encapsulated in an omphalocele? - ✅✅Intestine and liver
What are other parts thats can be encapsulated in an omphalocele? - ✅✅Bladder, colon, and/or
spleen
, What is a congenital diaphragmatic hernia? - ✅✅Abdominal organs herniate into thorax due to lack
of formation of diaphragm
What does congenital diaphragmatic hernia cause? - ✅✅Pulmonary hypoplasia, respiratory distress
at birth
What does an infant with congenital diaphragmatic hernia require? - ✅✅Intubation and surgical
repair
What are 2 types of congenital diaphragmatic hernia? - ✅✅Bochdalek (back and side of diaphragm),
Morgagni
Which congenital diaphragmatic hernia is more common? - ✅✅Bochdalek
What are repair basics for a congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)? - ✅✅The method used for
closure depends on the size of the defect, which can involve directly sewing the opening closed (primary
repair), using a synthetic patch, or creating a muscle flap
What does a baby with CDH get before surgery? - ✅✅Specialized care, including breathing support to
help their lungs function properly
- typically involves ECMO
When is surgery for CDH performed? - ✅✅When the baby is stable and healthy enough for the
procedure
What are 3 types of repair to fix the hole in the diaphragm in CDH? - ✅✅- primary repair: if the
opening is small, the surgeon can sew the muscle edges together directly
- patch repair: for larger defects, a synthetic biocompatible patch is sewn over the hole to provide
structural support
- muscle flap repair: in some cases, a flap of the baby's own muscle may be used to close the opening
What is Hirschsprung's disease? - ✅✅Congenital absence of ganglion cells
answers
What is gastroschisis? - ✅✅Abdominal wall defect, no sac covering bowel, usually isolated, intestine
outside of body (occasionally colon, bladder, gonads
Where is gastroschisis? - ✅✅Right of umbilicus
What is an omphalocele? - ✅✅Abdominal wall defect, covered by peritoneal sac, associated
anomalies, intestine and liver in peritoneum-amniotic-membrane outside body, sometimes spleen,
colon, bladder
Where is an omphalocele? - ✅✅Midline defect at umbilicus
When does a gastroschisis occur? - ✅✅- GI tract develops outside of the body at 10 weeks
- at 10-12 weeks, a defect in the abdominal wall causes the intestines to remain outside the body,
protruding through a hole usually to the right of the umbilical cord
What is the treatment for gastroschisis? - ✅✅Silo
How is a silo performed for gastroschisis? - ✅✅- after baby is born the intestines are put in a silo and
the bag is hung above the body to let gravity ease the intestines into the abdomen
- after several days, surgeons put any remaining intestines back into the body and close up the hole
- baby is fed through a tube until the intestines heal enough to digest breast milk
What is always encapsulated in an omphalocele? - ✅✅Intestine and liver
What are other parts thats can be encapsulated in an omphalocele? - ✅✅Bladder, colon, and/or
spleen
, What is a congenital diaphragmatic hernia? - ✅✅Abdominal organs herniate into thorax due to lack
of formation of diaphragm
What does congenital diaphragmatic hernia cause? - ✅✅Pulmonary hypoplasia, respiratory distress
at birth
What does an infant with congenital diaphragmatic hernia require? - ✅✅Intubation and surgical
repair
What are 2 types of congenital diaphragmatic hernia? - ✅✅Bochdalek (back and side of diaphragm),
Morgagni
Which congenital diaphragmatic hernia is more common? - ✅✅Bochdalek
What are repair basics for a congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)? - ✅✅The method used for
closure depends on the size of the defect, which can involve directly sewing the opening closed (primary
repair), using a synthetic patch, or creating a muscle flap
What does a baby with CDH get before surgery? - ✅✅Specialized care, including breathing support to
help their lungs function properly
- typically involves ECMO
When is surgery for CDH performed? - ✅✅When the baby is stable and healthy enough for the
procedure
What are 3 types of repair to fix the hole in the diaphragm in CDH? - ✅✅- primary repair: if the
opening is small, the surgeon can sew the muscle edges together directly
- patch repair: for larger defects, a synthetic biocompatible patch is sewn over the hole to provide
structural support
- muscle flap repair: in some cases, a flap of the baby's own muscle may be used to close the opening
What is Hirschsprung's disease? - ✅✅Congenital absence of ganglion cells
