Exam 2 Intro to Nursing Questions With Complete Solutions
Cheyne-Stokes Respirations
Rhythmic respirations going from very deep to very shallow or
apneic periods. Heart failure, renal failure, drug overdose, and
increased intracranial pressure, impending death
Kussmaul Breathing
Respirations are abnormally deep, regular, and increased in rate.
DKA
Apnea
Absence of breathing for several seconds. Respiratory distress;
obstructive sleep apnea
Biot Breathing
Respirations are abnormally shallow for two to three breaths,
followed by irregular periods of apnea. Meningitis, TBI
True or False:
Physiological, psychosocial, or treatment-induced factors can
affect urinary elimination, and nurses play a key role in
assessing and managing urinary problems.
True
True or False:
Urine output of less than 30 mL/hr may indicate renal
,impairment or hypovolemia, which can occur in many
conditions, such as dehydration or blood loss. Polyuria or urine
output of less than 30 mL/hr for two consecutive voidings is a
sign of an acute condition and requires prompt assessment and
follow-up.
True
Serum creatinine
Normal reference interval: Male: 0.6 to 1.2 mg/dL
female: 0.5 to 1.1 mg/dL
Serum Creatinine
a. Creatinine is a specific indicator of renal function.
b. Increased levels of creatinine indicate a slowing of the
glomerular filtration rate.
c. Instruct the client to avoid excessive exercise for 8 hours and
excessive red meat intake for 24 hours before the test.
e. Elevated values occur in severe renal disease.
f. Below-normal values occur in diseases with decreased muscle
mass such as muscular dystrophy and myasthenia gravis.
What is urea nitrogen?
Urea nitrogen is the nitrogen portion of urea, a substance formed
in the liver through an enzymatic protein breakdown process.
How is urea filtered in the kidneys?
,Urea is normally freely filtered through the renal glomeruli, with
a small amount reabsorbed in the tubules and the remainder
excreted in the urine.
What should be analyzed when evaluating renal function?
BUN and creatinine ratios should be analyzed when renal
function is evaluated.
What do elevated BUN levels indicate?
Elevated levels indicate a slowing of the glomerular filtration
rate.
What conditions can cause below-normal BUN values?
Below-normal values occur in fluid overload, malnutrition,
severe liver damage, and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic
hormone.
BUN
Normal reference interval: 10 to 20 mg/dL
A client has been admitted to the hospital for gastroenteritis and
dehydration. The nurse determines that the client has received
adequate volume replacement if the blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
level drops to which value?
1. 3 mg/dL (1.08 mmol/L)
2. 15 mg/dL (5.4 mmol/L)
3. 29 mg/dL (10.44 mmol/L)
4. 35 mg/dL (12.6 mmol/L)
, The nurse is explaining the appropriate methods for measuring
an accurate temperature to an assistive personnel (AP). Which
method, if noted by the AP as being an appropriate method,
indicates the need for further teaching?
1. Taking a rectal temperature for a client who has undergone
nasal surgery
2. Taking an oral temperature for a client with a cough and
nasal congestion
3. Taking an axillary temperature for a client who has just
consumed hot coffee
4. Taking a temperature on the neck behind the ear using an
electronic device for a client who is diaphoretic
True or False:
Respiratory centers are located in the Medulla and the Pons, and
they are stimulated by impulses from chemoreceptors situated
throughout the body.
True
Ventilation
movement of gases into and out of the lungs
Diffusion
the movement of oxygen and carbon monoxide between alveoli
and red blood cells.
Perfusion
Cheyne-Stokes Respirations
Rhythmic respirations going from very deep to very shallow or
apneic periods. Heart failure, renal failure, drug overdose, and
increased intracranial pressure, impending death
Kussmaul Breathing
Respirations are abnormally deep, regular, and increased in rate.
DKA
Apnea
Absence of breathing for several seconds. Respiratory distress;
obstructive sleep apnea
Biot Breathing
Respirations are abnormally shallow for two to three breaths,
followed by irregular periods of apnea. Meningitis, TBI
True or False:
Physiological, psychosocial, or treatment-induced factors can
affect urinary elimination, and nurses play a key role in
assessing and managing urinary problems.
True
True or False:
Urine output of less than 30 mL/hr may indicate renal
,impairment or hypovolemia, which can occur in many
conditions, such as dehydration or blood loss. Polyuria or urine
output of less than 30 mL/hr for two consecutive voidings is a
sign of an acute condition and requires prompt assessment and
follow-up.
True
Serum creatinine
Normal reference interval: Male: 0.6 to 1.2 mg/dL
female: 0.5 to 1.1 mg/dL
Serum Creatinine
a. Creatinine is a specific indicator of renal function.
b. Increased levels of creatinine indicate a slowing of the
glomerular filtration rate.
c. Instruct the client to avoid excessive exercise for 8 hours and
excessive red meat intake for 24 hours before the test.
e. Elevated values occur in severe renal disease.
f. Below-normal values occur in diseases with decreased muscle
mass such as muscular dystrophy and myasthenia gravis.
What is urea nitrogen?
Urea nitrogen is the nitrogen portion of urea, a substance formed
in the liver through an enzymatic protein breakdown process.
How is urea filtered in the kidneys?
,Urea is normally freely filtered through the renal glomeruli, with
a small amount reabsorbed in the tubules and the remainder
excreted in the urine.
What should be analyzed when evaluating renal function?
BUN and creatinine ratios should be analyzed when renal
function is evaluated.
What do elevated BUN levels indicate?
Elevated levels indicate a slowing of the glomerular filtration
rate.
What conditions can cause below-normal BUN values?
Below-normal values occur in fluid overload, malnutrition,
severe liver damage, and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic
hormone.
BUN
Normal reference interval: 10 to 20 mg/dL
A client has been admitted to the hospital for gastroenteritis and
dehydration. The nurse determines that the client has received
adequate volume replacement if the blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
level drops to which value?
1. 3 mg/dL (1.08 mmol/L)
2. 15 mg/dL (5.4 mmol/L)
3. 29 mg/dL (10.44 mmol/L)
4. 35 mg/dL (12.6 mmol/L)
, The nurse is explaining the appropriate methods for measuring
an accurate temperature to an assistive personnel (AP). Which
method, if noted by the AP as being an appropriate method,
indicates the need for further teaching?
1. Taking a rectal temperature for a client who has undergone
nasal surgery
2. Taking an oral temperature for a client with a cough and
nasal congestion
3. Taking an axillary temperature for a client who has just
consumed hot coffee
4. Taking a temperature on the neck behind the ear using an
electronic device for a client who is diaphoretic
True or False:
Respiratory centers are located in the Medulla and the Pons, and
they are stimulated by impulses from chemoreceptors situated
throughout the body.
True
Ventilation
movement of gases into and out of the lungs
Diffusion
the movement of oxygen and carbon monoxide between alveoli
and red blood cells.
Perfusion
