ESTUDYR
NUR 101 2025 MULTICHOICE ANSWERED
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
RATIONALES
The nursing process is best defined as:
A. A list of tasks nurses complete each shift
B. A systematic, rational method of planning and providing nursing care.
C. A physician-led protocol for patient treatment
D. A legal document only
Rationale: The nursing process organizes assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and
evaluation.
Which of the following is the correct sequence of the nursing process?
A. Diagnosing → Assessment → Implementing → Planning → Evaluating
B. Assessment → Implementing → Diagnosing → Planning → Evaluating
C. Assessment → Diagnosing → Planning → Implementing → Evaluating
D. Planning → Assessment → Evaluating → Implementing → Diagnosing
Rationale: Standard order: assess, diagnose, plan, implement, evaluate.
Objective data are:
A. The patient's opinion about pain
B. Only recorded by the physician
C. Observable and measurable signs obtained through the senses
D. Predictions about future health
Rationale: Objective data = signs (vitals, labs, observed findings).
A primary purpose of using nursing diagnoses is to:
A. Replace medical diagnoses entirely
B. Facilitate individualized nursing care and define nursing’s domain
C. Allow nurses to prescribe medications
D. Serve solely as billing codes
Rationale: Nursing diagnoses guide nursing interventions and communication.
When selecting nursing diagnoses you should first:
A. Implement interventions immediately
B. Analyze assessment data to identify problems, risks, and strengths
C. Ask family to select the diagnosis
D. Write goals before identifying problems
Rationale: Diagnoses come from data analysis and problem identification.
Which characteristic must a patient goal have?
A. Vague and inspirational
B. Physician-specified only
C. Realistic, measurable, and concise
D. Written entirely in medical jargon
Rationale: Goals must be achievable and measurable to evaluate outcomes.
Nursing interventions should be:
A. Only general suggestions
B. Specific, measurable, observable, realistic, and related to etiology
,ESTUDYR
C. Unrelated to nursing diagnoses
D. Performed without documentation
Rationale: Interventions must tie to diagnosis and be assessable.
Evaluation of goal achievement requires the nurse to:
A. Delete the care plan if goals aren’t met
B. Collect client data using established criteria and analyze outcomes
C. Only ask the patient if they feel better
D. Change goals without reassessment
Rationale: Evaluation uses objective criteria to measure goal attainment.
Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns are used for:
A. Ordering lab tests only
B. Mental health diagnosis only
C. Providing a comprehensive, structured assessment framework
D. Determining medication dosages
Rationale: Gordon’s 11 patterns help organize holistic nursing assessment.
Which is NOT one of Gordon’s 11 functional health patterns?
A. Nutrition–metabolic
B. Role–relationship
C. Genetic pedigree mapping
D. Sleep–rest
Rationale: Genetic pedigree is not one of Gordon’s patterns.
Verbal communication is influenced by:
A. Only language proficiency
B. Tone, volume, pace, and word choice
C. Blood pressure exclusively
D. Only written documentation
Rationale: Verbal message meaning includes noncontent cues like tone and pace.
Factors that influence communication include all EXCEPT:
A. Age and development
B. Personal space and environment
C. Universal identical perceptions across cultures
D. Roles and relationships
Rationale: Perceptions vary by culture; they are not universally identical.
During assessment, the nurse’s communication should primarily use:
A. Closed yes/no questions only
B. Active listening and both verbal and nonverbal skills
C. Medical jargon only
D. Long lectures to the patient
Rationale: Assessment requires open listening and observation.
Assertive communication is characterized by:
A. Hostility and blame
B. Avoiding the issue entirely
C. Honest, direct “I” statements and openness to ideas
D. Aggressively overriding others
Rationale: Assertiveness promotes safety and clear, respectful communication.
A good first step in culturally responsive nursing is to:
A. Assume patient preferences based on ethnicity
B. Ask the patient about their customs, beliefs, and values
, ESTUDYR
C. Force a standard care plan on all patients
D. Avoid any cultural discussion
Rationale: Individualized cultural understanding improves care and respect.
The “chain of infection” includes all EXCEPT:
A. Etiologic agent
B. Reservoir
C. Portal of exit
D. Patient’s favorite color
Rationale: Favorite color is irrelevant; chain elements are biological and environmental.
Hand hygiene best practices include:
A. Rinsing hands for 5 seconds only
B. Washing with soap and water for ~20 seconds or using alcohol sanitizer
C. Wearing gloves instead of washing hands always
D. Using hand lotion instead of washing
Rationale: 20-second washing or ABHR reduces pathogen transmission.
Which patients are at greatest risk for infection?
A. Healthy young adults only
B. Patients with no wounds and normal nutrition
C. Very young/old, immunosuppressed, malnourished, immobile
D. Patients who exercise daily
Rationale: Extremes of age, immunosuppression, wounds and malnutrition increase risk.
Standard precautions are used to:
A. Replace isolation precautions always
B. Reduce transmission from blood and body fluids for all patients
C. Only during pandemics
D. Only for patients with airborne diseases
Rationale: Standard precautions apply universally to body-fluid exposure risk.
An HAI (healthcare-associated infection) is:
A. An infection present on admission
B. An infection acquired as a result of healthcare delivery
C. Always caused by the patient
D. Not reportable to public health
Rationale: HAIs originate from care settings and are preventable with proper measures.
Four characteristics of homeostatic mechanisms include all EXCEPT:
A. Self-regulating
B. Compensatory
C. Always single feedback-only mechanisms
D. Often negative-feedback regulated
Rationale: Homeostasis can require multiple feedback mechanisms, not just one.
Maslow’s self-actualized person typically:
A. Is self-centered and inflexible
B. Is realistic, creative, autonomous, and problem-centered
C. Rejects art and music
D. Has low self-esteem
Rationale: Self-actualization includes maturity, creativity, and accurate perception.
The nurse’s role in health promotion should:
A. Force patients through change stages
B. Meet clients where they are and support strengths nonjudgmentally
NUR 101 2025 MULTICHOICE ANSWERED
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
RATIONALES
The nursing process is best defined as:
A. A list of tasks nurses complete each shift
B. A systematic, rational method of planning and providing nursing care.
C. A physician-led protocol for patient treatment
D. A legal document only
Rationale: The nursing process organizes assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and
evaluation.
Which of the following is the correct sequence of the nursing process?
A. Diagnosing → Assessment → Implementing → Planning → Evaluating
B. Assessment → Implementing → Diagnosing → Planning → Evaluating
C. Assessment → Diagnosing → Planning → Implementing → Evaluating
D. Planning → Assessment → Evaluating → Implementing → Diagnosing
Rationale: Standard order: assess, diagnose, plan, implement, evaluate.
Objective data are:
A. The patient's opinion about pain
B. Only recorded by the physician
C. Observable and measurable signs obtained through the senses
D. Predictions about future health
Rationale: Objective data = signs (vitals, labs, observed findings).
A primary purpose of using nursing diagnoses is to:
A. Replace medical diagnoses entirely
B. Facilitate individualized nursing care and define nursing’s domain
C. Allow nurses to prescribe medications
D. Serve solely as billing codes
Rationale: Nursing diagnoses guide nursing interventions and communication.
When selecting nursing diagnoses you should first:
A. Implement interventions immediately
B. Analyze assessment data to identify problems, risks, and strengths
C. Ask family to select the diagnosis
D. Write goals before identifying problems
Rationale: Diagnoses come from data analysis and problem identification.
Which characteristic must a patient goal have?
A. Vague and inspirational
B. Physician-specified only
C. Realistic, measurable, and concise
D. Written entirely in medical jargon
Rationale: Goals must be achievable and measurable to evaluate outcomes.
Nursing interventions should be:
A. Only general suggestions
B. Specific, measurable, observable, realistic, and related to etiology
,ESTUDYR
C. Unrelated to nursing diagnoses
D. Performed without documentation
Rationale: Interventions must tie to diagnosis and be assessable.
Evaluation of goal achievement requires the nurse to:
A. Delete the care plan if goals aren’t met
B. Collect client data using established criteria and analyze outcomes
C. Only ask the patient if they feel better
D. Change goals without reassessment
Rationale: Evaluation uses objective criteria to measure goal attainment.
Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns are used for:
A. Ordering lab tests only
B. Mental health diagnosis only
C. Providing a comprehensive, structured assessment framework
D. Determining medication dosages
Rationale: Gordon’s 11 patterns help organize holistic nursing assessment.
Which is NOT one of Gordon’s 11 functional health patterns?
A. Nutrition–metabolic
B. Role–relationship
C. Genetic pedigree mapping
D. Sleep–rest
Rationale: Genetic pedigree is not one of Gordon’s patterns.
Verbal communication is influenced by:
A. Only language proficiency
B. Tone, volume, pace, and word choice
C. Blood pressure exclusively
D. Only written documentation
Rationale: Verbal message meaning includes noncontent cues like tone and pace.
Factors that influence communication include all EXCEPT:
A. Age and development
B. Personal space and environment
C. Universal identical perceptions across cultures
D. Roles and relationships
Rationale: Perceptions vary by culture; they are not universally identical.
During assessment, the nurse’s communication should primarily use:
A. Closed yes/no questions only
B. Active listening and both verbal and nonverbal skills
C. Medical jargon only
D. Long lectures to the patient
Rationale: Assessment requires open listening and observation.
Assertive communication is characterized by:
A. Hostility and blame
B. Avoiding the issue entirely
C. Honest, direct “I” statements and openness to ideas
D. Aggressively overriding others
Rationale: Assertiveness promotes safety and clear, respectful communication.
A good first step in culturally responsive nursing is to:
A. Assume patient preferences based on ethnicity
B. Ask the patient about their customs, beliefs, and values
, ESTUDYR
C. Force a standard care plan on all patients
D. Avoid any cultural discussion
Rationale: Individualized cultural understanding improves care and respect.
The “chain of infection” includes all EXCEPT:
A. Etiologic agent
B. Reservoir
C. Portal of exit
D. Patient’s favorite color
Rationale: Favorite color is irrelevant; chain elements are biological and environmental.
Hand hygiene best practices include:
A. Rinsing hands for 5 seconds only
B. Washing with soap and water for ~20 seconds or using alcohol sanitizer
C. Wearing gloves instead of washing hands always
D. Using hand lotion instead of washing
Rationale: 20-second washing or ABHR reduces pathogen transmission.
Which patients are at greatest risk for infection?
A. Healthy young adults only
B. Patients with no wounds and normal nutrition
C. Very young/old, immunosuppressed, malnourished, immobile
D. Patients who exercise daily
Rationale: Extremes of age, immunosuppression, wounds and malnutrition increase risk.
Standard precautions are used to:
A. Replace isolation precautions always
B. Reduce transmission from blood and body fluids for all patients
C. Only during pandemics
D. Only for patients with airborne diseases
Rationale: Standard precautions apply universally to body-fluid exposure risk.
An HAI (healthcare-associated infection) is:
A. An infection present on admission
B. An infection acquired as a result of healthcare delivery
C. Always caused by the patient
D. Not reportable to public health
Rationale: HAIs originate from care settings and are preventable with proper measures.
Four characteristics of homeostatic mechanisms include all EXCEPT:
A. Self-regulating
B. Compensatory
C. Always single feedback-only mechanisms
D. Often negative-feedback regulated
Rationale: Homeostasis can require multiple feedback mechanisms, not just one.
Maslow’s self-actualized person typically:
A. Is self-centered and inflexible
B. Is realistic, creative, autonomous, and problem-centered
C. Rejects art and music
D. Has low self-esteem
Rationale: Self-actualization includes maturity, creativity, and accurate perception.
The nurse’s role in health promotion should:
A. Force patients through change stages
B. Meet clients where they are and support strengths nonjudgmentally
