G-protein coupled receptors - correct answers ✔️✔️Which type of receptor most often utilizes second-
messenger systems in its signaling?
Nuclear receptors - correct answers ✔️✔️Assume you have receptor antagonists that are able to stop
receptor signaling immediately. For which type of receptor would it take the longestto see the effects of
your drug at the cellular level?
Nuclear receptors - correct answers ✔️✔️For which type of receptor would having adequate membrane
permeability of an agonist be most critical?
N-terminus - correct answers ✔️✔️Is it more likely for a G-protein coupled receptor agonist to bind
near the N- or C- terminus of the receptor?
GDP - correct answers ✔️✔️Is it more likely to find a GPCR bound to a G-protein that is also bound to
GTP or GDP?
STAT - correct answers ✔️✔️Which protein ultimately is translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus
as a result of JAK signaling?
Upstream - correct answers ✔️✔️Where, in relation to the protein-coding region of a gene, are the
binding sites that become occupied by nuclear receptors?
cGMP - correct answers ✔️✔T️ he levels of which second-messenger would be expected to increase
following administration of nitroglycerin?
More - correct answers ✔️✔D
️ oes TGF-β treatment cause cells to grow more or less in the soft-agar
assay?
Plasmin - correct answers ✔️✔️The latent TBF-β peptide must be cleaved by what protease in order to
be activated?
TGFβR2 - correct answers ✔️✔️In the TGF-β pathway, which protein becomes activated first upon
binding of a ligand?
, 1 - correct answers ✔️✔H
️ ow many DNA binding domains do Smads have?
R-Smads - correct answers ✔️✔️Different Smad complexes bind different genes. Which group of Smads
is responsible for this specificity?
Down-regulate - correct answers ✔️✔️Would it likely be most beneficial (for the tumor) for an early
tumor to up- or down-regulate the TGF-β pathway?
Up-regulate - correct answers ✔️✔️Would it likely be most beneficial (for the tumor) for a large, well-
developed tumor to up- or down-regulate the TGF-β pathway?
Intracellularly - correct answers ✔️✔️Where are the G-proteins located in relation to the cellular
membrane?
Family A
Family B
Family C - correct answers ✔️✔️Which families of GPCRs contain disulfide bonds between the 1st and
2ndextracellular loops? Select all that apply.
Gap - correct answers ✔️✔️What protein leads to the hydrolysis of GTP and subsequent inactivation of
the Gα subunit?
Constitutive activation - correct answers ✔️✔️Which of the following may directly result from a
spontaneous conformation change in a GPCR?
Extracellularly - correct answers ✔️✔️Where do GPCR agonists bind in relation to the cellular
membrane?
Antagonist - correct answers ✔️✔️Which of the following drugs would have no effect on the
spontaneous conformation changes seen in GPCRs?
messenger systems in its signaling?
Nuclear receptors - correct answers ✔️✔️Assume you have receptor antagonists that are able to stop
receptor signaling immediately. For which type of receptor would it take the longestto see the effects of
your drug at the cellular level?
Nuclear receptors - correct answers ✔️✔️For which type of receptor would having adequate membrane
permeability of an agonist be most critical?
N-terminus - correct answers ✔️✔️Is it more likely for a G-protein coupled receptor agonist to bind
near the N- or C- terminus of the receptor?
GDP - correct answers ✔️✔️Is it more likely to find a GPCR bound to a G-protein that is also bound to
GTP or GDP?
STAT - correct answers ✔️✔️Which protein ultimately is translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus
as a result of JAK signaling?
Upstream - correct answers ✔️✔️Where, in relation to the protein-coding region of a gene, are the
binding sites that become occupied by nuclear receptors?
cGMP - correct answers ✔️✔T️ he levels of which second-messenger would be expected to increase
following administration of nitroglycerin?
More - correct answers ✔️✔D
️ oes TGF-β treatment cause cells to grow more or less in the soft-agar
assay?
Plasmin - correct answers ✔️✔️The latent TBF-β peptide must be cleaved by what protease in order to
be activated?
TGFβR2 - correct answers ✔️✔️In the TGF-β pathway, which protein becomes activated first upon
binding of a ligand?
, 1 - correct answers ✔️✔H
️ ow many DNA binding domains do Smads have?
R-Smads - correct answers ✔️✔️Different Smad complexes bind different genes. Which group of Smads
is responsible for this specificity?
Down-regulate - correct answers ✔️✔️Would it likely be most beneficial (for the tumor) for an early
tumor to up- or down-regulate the TGF-β pathway?
Up-regulate - correct answers ✔️✔️Would it likely be most beneficial (for the tumor) for a large, well-
developed tumor to up- or down-regulate the TGF-β pathway?
Intracellularly - correct answers ✔️✔️Where are the G-proteins located in relation to the cellular
membrane?
Family A
Family B
Family C - correct answers ✔️✔️Which families of GPCRs contain disulfide bonds between the 1st and
2ndextracellular loops? Select all that apply.
Gap - correct answers ✔️✔️What protein leads to the hydrolysis of GTP and subsequent inactivation of
the Gα subunit?
Constitutive activation - correct answers ✔️✔️Which of the following may directly result from a
spontaneous conformation change in a GPCR?
Extracellularly - correct answers ✔️✔️Where do GPCR agonists bind in relation to the cellular
membrane?
Antagonist - correct answers ✔️✔️Which of the following drugs would have no effect on the
spontaneous conformation changes seen in GPCRs?
