TEAS Science
Anatomical position
Standard positioning of the body as standing; feet together; arms to the side; with head, eyes,
and palms of hands forward.
Cells
The basic structural unit of an organism from which living things are crated.
Cellular functions
Processes that include growth, metabolism, replication, protein synthesis, and movement.
Directional terminology
Words used to explain relationships of locations of anatomical elements (distal, posterior,
medial, etc.)
Distal
Farther from the trunk of the body
Lateral
Away from the midline of the body
dorsum of hand
top of hand
dorsum of foot
Top of foot
,posterior
Back of the body
medial
Toward the midline of the body
anterior
Located towards the front of the body
inferior
Lower on the body, farther from the head
Organ system
A group of organs that work together in performing vital body functions.
Organelle
A specialized part of a cell that has a specific function.
Organ
A self-contained part of an organism that performs a specific function.
Reference planes
Planes dividing the body to describe locations: sagittal, coronal, and transverse.
Tissue
A group of cells with similar structure that function together as a unit, but at a lower level than
organs.
Alveoli
Tiny air sacs in the lungs where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.
Asthma
A lung disease characterized by inflamed, narrowed airways and difficulty breathing.
Bronchi
The main passageways directly attached to the lungs.
Bronchioles
, Small passages in the lungs that connect bronchi to alveoli.
cystic fibrosis
A genetic disorder that affects the lungs and other organs, characterized by difficulty breathing,
coughing up sputum, and lung infections.
perfusion
The passage of fluid to an organ or a tissue.
pleura
A membrane around the lungs and inside the chest cavity.
Surfactant
a lipoprotein secreted by the alveoli that lowers the surface tension in the alveoli, reduces the
amount of pressure needed to inflate the alveoli, and decreases the tendency of the alveoli to
collapse.
tidal volume
Amount of air inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing
trachea
The windpipe; tube leading from the larynx to the lungs; a passage through which air moves in
the respiratory system
ventilation
The movement of air in and out of the body via inhalation and exhalation.
pulmonary loop
Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
systemic loop
Carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body and back to the heart
arteries
Blood vessels that deliver blood from the heart to other parts of the body.
capillary
Small blood vessels that connect arterioles to venules.
Anatomical position
Standard positioning of the body as standing; feet together; arms to the side; with head, eyes,
and palms of hands forward.
Cells
The basic structural unit of an organism from which living things are crated.
Cellular functions
Processes that include growth, metabolism, replication, protein synthesis, and movement.
Directional terminology
Words used to explain relationships of locations of anatomical elements (distal, posterior,
medial, etc.)
Distal
Farther from the trunk of the body
Lateral
Away from the midline of the body
dorsum of hand
top of hand
dorsum of foot
Top of foot
,posterior
Back of the body
medial
Toward the midline of the body
anterior
Located towards the front of the body
inferior
Lower on the body, farther from the head
Organ system
A group of organs that work together in performing vital body functions.
Organelle
A specialized part of a cell that has a specific function.
Organ
A self-contained part of an organism that performs a specific function.
Reference planes
Planes dividing the body to describe locations: sagittal, coronal, and transverse.
Tissue
A group of cells with similar structure that function together as a unit, but at a lower level than
organs.
Alveoli
Tiny air sacs in the lungs where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.
Asthma
A lung disease characterized by inflamed, narrowed airways and difficulty breathing.
Bronchi
The main passageways directly attached to the lungs.
Bronchioles
, Small passages in the lungs that connect bronchi to alveoli.
cystic fibrosis
A genetic disorder that affects the lungs and other organs, characterized by difficulty breathing,
coughing up sputum, and lung infections.
perfusion
The passage of fluid to an organ or a tissue.
pleura
A membrane around the lungs and inside the chest cavity.
Surfactant
a lipoprotein secreted by the alveoli that lowers the surface tension in the alveoli, reduces the
amount of pressure needed to inflate the alveoli, and decreases the tendency of the alveoli to
collapse.
tidal volume
Amount of air inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing
trachea
The windpipe; tube leading from the larynx to the lungs; a passage through which air moves in
the respiratory system
ventilation
The movement of air in and out of the body via inhalation and exhalation.
pulmonary loop
Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
systemic loop
Carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body and back to the heart
arteries
Blood vessels that deliver blood from the heart to other parts of the body.
capillary
Small blood vessels that connect arterioles to venules.
