Portage Learning A&P 2: Final EXAM
fully solved & updated Questions and
Answers
Collection of cell bodies found in the peripheral nervous system: - Correct answer-
Ganglia
Fill-in-the-blanks: _______ matter is composed of a mixture of the cell bodies of
neurons. _______ matter is composed of myelinated and unmyelinated nerve
fibers - Correct answer-gray, white
Which vessels are constricted and dilated by muscles controlled by the sympathetic
and parasympathetic nervous system? - Correct answer-arterioles
True or False: If false, explain why the statement is false. The kidney and nervous
system communicate via the myenteric plexus, whose fibers follow the renal
arteries to reach each kidney. - Correct answer-This statement is false. The kidney
and nervous system communicate via the renal plexus.
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,List the 3 inner regions of the kidney seen on cross-section (deepest to most
superficial). In which section would you find the glomerular capsule and the distal
and proximal convoluted tubule sections of the nephron? - Correct answer-The
three inner regions of the kidneys include the renal pelvis, renal medulla, and the
renal cortex. The cortex houses the glomerular capsules, the distal convoluted
tubule, and the proximal convoluted tubule.
Urinary incontinence and urinary retention are two common types of micturition
dysfunction. Briefly discuss each, including what demographic is commonly
affected in each. - Correct answer-Incontinence is the inability to control
micturition voluntarily. It is a condition typically seen in infants and the elderly
with diagnoses such as end-stage dementia. Incontinence can also occur due to
emotional trauma, pregnancy, or nervous system injuries, such as a stroke or spinal
cord injury.
Urinary retention is the inability to expel stored urine. This is a common condition
after general anesthesia since the detrusor muscle is slow to regain muscular
activity. Male urinary retention can also occur due to the overgrowth of the prostate
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,gland, which narrows the urethra, making micturition difficult. Insertion of a
catheter into the urethra is necessary to allow the urine to empty from the bladder.
True or False: Action potentials travel in multiple directions within the same
neuron. - Correct answer-False (only one direction in the same neuron)
Fill in the blanks: The _____________ root contains the axons of sensory neurons,
while the _____________ root contains the axons of motor neurons. - Correct
answer-dorsal, ventral
This is a bundle of axons found in the peripheral nervous system. - Correct answer-
Nerve
Describe the function of the sympathetic nervous system when a threat is present. -
Correct answer-The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is often referred to as the
"fight or flight" system. When in immediate danger, muscles require a steady,
increased supply of glucose and oxygen for muscular contraction. The SNS
accelerates the heartbeat, dilates the bronchi, and increases the respiratory rate.
This supplies the increased need for oxygen throughout the body. The SNS also
causes the liver to deliver more glucose for the body's increased metabolic needs.
Sympathetic activation inhibits the digestive tract because digestion is not an
immediate necessity when in danger or under attack.
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, Which cell serves as stem cells in the gustatory system that divide and differentiate
into new supporting cells then form new gustatory cells. - Correct answer-Basal
Cells
This part of the autonomic system increases digestion. - Correct answer-
parasympathetic
describe the function of the parasympathetic nervous system - Correct answer-
Promotes all of the relaxing internal responses. Causes the pupil of the eye to get
smaller, aids the lenses of the eyes to focus on close items, helps with the digestion
of food, and also helps with slowing the heart beat.
The ventral root of a nerve contains what type of neurons - Correct answer-motor
(efferent)
Part of neuron that conducts nerve impulse away from cell body - Correct answer-
Axon
A neuron going to bicep of the forearm is part of the:
A. central nervous system
B. peripheral nervous system
C. Autonomic system
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
fully solved & updated Questions and
Answers
Collection of cell bodies found in the peripheral nervous system: - Correct answer-
Ganglia
Fill-in-the-blanks: _______ matter is composed of a mixture of the cell bodies of
neurons. _______ matter is composed of myelinated and unmyelinated nerve
fibers - Correct answer-gray, white
Which vessels are constricted and dilated by muscles controlled by the sympathetic
and parasympathetic nervous system? - Correct answer-arterioles
True or False: If false, explain why the statement is false. The kidney and nervous
system communicate via the myenteric plexus, whose fibers follow the renal
arteries to reach each kidney. - Correct answer-This statement is false. The kidney
and nervous system communicate via the renal plexus.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,List the 3 inner regions of the kidney seen on cross-section (deepest to most
superficial). In which section would you find the glomerular capsule and the distal
and proximal convoluted tubule sections of the nephron? - Correct answer-The
three inner regions of the kidneys include the renal pelvis, renal medulla, and the
renal cortex. The cortex houses the glomerular capsules, the distal convoluted
tubule, and the proximal convoluted tubule.
Urinary incontinence and urinary retention are two common types of micturition
dysfunction. Briefly discuss each, including what demographic is commonly
affected in each. - Correct answer-Incontinence is the inability to control
micturition voluntarily. It is a condition typically seen in infants and the elderly
with diagnoses such as end-stage dementia. Incontinence can also occur due to
emotional trauma, pregnancy, or nervous system injuries, such as a stroke or spinal
cord injury.
Urinary retention is the inability to expel stored urine. This is a common condition
after general anesthesia since the detrusor muscle is slow to regain muscular
activity. Male urinary retention can also occur due to the overgrowth of the prostate
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,gland, which narrows the urethra, making micturition difficult. Insertion of a
catheter into the urethra is necessary to allow the urine to empty from the bladder.
True or False: Action potentials travel in multiple directions within the same
neuron. - Correct answer-False (only one direction in the same neuron)
Fill in the blanks: The _____________ root contains the axons of sensory neurons,
while the _____________ root contains the axons of motor neurons. - Correct
answer-dorsal, ventral
This is a bundle of axons found in the peripheral nervous system. - Correct answer-
Nerve
Describe the function of the sympathetic nervous system when a threat is present. -
Correct answer-The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is often referred to as the
"fight or flight" system. When in immediate danger, muscles require a steady,
increased supply of glucose and oxygen for muscular contraction. The SNS
accelerates the heartbeat, dilates the bronchi, and increases the respiratory rate.
This supplies the increased need for oxygen throughout the body. The SNS also
causes the liver to deliver more glucose for the body's increased metabolic needs.
Sympathetic activation inhibits the digestive tract because digestion is not an
immediate necessity when in danger or under attack.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, Which cell serves as stem cells in the gustatory system that divide and differentiate
into new supporting cells then form new gustatory cells. - Correct answer-Basal
Cells
This part of the autonomic system increases digestion. - Correct answer-
parasympathetic
describe the function of the parasympathetic nervous system - Correct answer-
Promotes all of the relaxing internal responses. Causes the pupil of the eye to get
smaller, aids the lenses of the eyes to focus on close items, helps with the digestion
of food, and also helps with slowing the heart beat.
The ventral root of a nerve contains what type of neurons - Correct answer-motor
(efferent)
Part of neuron that conducts nerve impulse away from cell body - Correct answer-
Axon
A neuron going to bicep of the forearm is part of the:
A. central nervous system
B. peripheral nervous system
C. Autonomic system
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
