ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2 MIDTERM EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
What is a hormone? - correct answer-
Secreted by endocrine glands into internal environment to help regulate metabolic processes.
What do hormones control? - correct answer-
Rates of certain chemical reactions, aid in transporting substances through membranes, and help regulat
e water balance, electrolyte balance, and blood pressure.
Hormones play a role in what? - correct answer-Reproduction, development, and growth
How do hormones deliver messages to cells? - correct answer-
They unite with binding site of the receptor.
What is the role of negative feedback in control of hormone secretions? - correct answer-
They are controlled by negative feedback
How does negative feedback work with hormone secretion? - correct answer-
A stimulus elicits the release of substance, once the substance reaches a certain level, it sends a signal
that stops further release of the substance.
What does negative feedback do for the bloodstream? - correct answer-
Regulates the hormone levels present
Paracrine secretions enter what? - correct answer-Interstitial fluid.
What do paracrine secretions effect? - correct answer-Only nearby cells
What is an example of a paracrine secretion? - correct answer-
release of histamine from certain white blood cells causing dilation of nearby blood cells.
What do autocrine secretions affect? - correct answer-only the cell secreting the substance
,What is an example of an autocrine secretion? - correct answer-
liver cells stimulating themselves to release stored iron
What do endocrine glands secrete? - correct answer-chemical substances and hormones
Where do endocrine glands secrete substances? - correct answer-Into the internal environment
Exocrine glands secrete chemical substances that enter what? - correct answer-
Tubes or ducts that lead to body surfaces
What is an example of an exocrine gland? - correct answer-sweat released from skin
What are the different endocrine glands in the body? - correct answer-
Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, pineal gland, thymus, reprod
uctive glands, liver, heart, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract.
Where is the pituitary gland located? - correct answer-The base of the brain
Where is the thyroid gland located? - correct answer-at the base of the neck
Where is the parathyroid gland located? - correct answer-posterior surface of the thyroid gland
Where is the adrenal gland located? - correct answer-on top of each kidney
Where is the pancreas located? - correct answer-behind the stomach and the bottom of the breast bone
Where is the pineal gland located? - correct answer-in the mid-line of the brain
Where is the thymus located? - correct answer-upperVthorax posterior to sternum
, Where are the reproductive glands located? - correct answer-Ovaries and testes
Where is the liver located? - correct answer-upper right quadrant of the stomach
Describe steroid hormones and their mechanisms of action? - correct answer-
Lipids derived from cholesterol with complex rings of carbon and hydrogen atoms and some oxygen at
oms, sex hormones, secretions of adrenal cortex, includes aldosterone and cortisol. Vitamin D is a mod
ified steroid.
Describe non steroid hormones and their mechanism of action? - correct answer-
Amines derived from amino acid tyrosine, these include epinephrine and nonepinepherine synthesized i
n the adrenal medulla. Thyroid hormone is also composed of tyrosine. Melatonin is derived from amin
o acid tryptophan. Protein hormones, parathyroid, growth hormone, prolactin.
Where is the anterior pituitary gland located? - correct answer-
In the fontal lobe of the pituitary gland and is enclosed in a capsule of connective tissue.
What does the APG consist of? - correct answer-connective and epithelial tissue in blocks around thin-
walled blood vessels.
What hormones does the APG secrete? - correct answer-
growth hormone, prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic, luteinizing hormone, and
follicle stimulating hormone.
What does the posterior pituitary gland consist of? - correct answer-
neuroglia (pituicytes) and axons of hypothalamic neurons.
Hormones in the PPG are what? - correct answer-Antidiuretic and oxycontin
How do the PPG hormones secrete? - correct answer-
They are transported down axons through the pituitary stalk to the posterior pituitary and stored in the
vesicles.
What does the hormone antidiuretic do ? - correct answer-
Decreases urine production by reducing the volume of water the kidneys excrete.
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
What is a hormone? - correct answer-
Secreted by endocrine glands into internal environment to help regulate metabolic processes.
What do hormones control? - correct answer-
Rates of certain chemical reactions, aid in transporting substances through membranes, and help regulat
e water balance, electrolyte balance, and blood pressure.
Hormones play a role in what? - correct answer-Reproduction, development, and growth
How do hormones deliver messages to cells? - correct answer-
They unite with binding site of the receptor.
What is the role of negative feedback in control of hormone secretions? - correct answer-
They are controlled by negative feedback
How does negative feedback work with hormone secretion? - correct answer-
A stimulus elicits the release of substance, once the substance reaches a certain level, it sends a signal
that stops further release of the substance.
What does negative feedback do for the bloodstream? - correct answer-
Regulates the hormone levels present
Paracrine secretions enter what? - correct answer-Interstitial fluid.
What do paracrine secretions effect? - correct answer-Only nearby cells
What is an example of a paracrine secretion? - correct answer-
release of histamine from certain white blood cells causing dilation of nearby blood cells.
What do autocrine secretions affect? - correct answer-only the cell secreting the substance
,What is an example of an autocrine secretion? - correct answer-
liver cells stimulating themselves to release stored iron
What do endocrine glands secrete? - correct answer-chemical substances and hormones
Where do endocrine glands secrete substances? - correct answer-Into the internal environment
Exocrine glands secrete chemical substances that enter what? - correct answer-
Tubes or ducts that lead to body surfaces
What is an example of an exocrine gland? - correct answer-sweat released from skin
What are the different endocrine glands in the body? - correct answer-
Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, pineal gland, thymus, reprod
uctive glands, liver, heart, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract.
Where is the pituitary gland located? - correct answer-The base of the brain
Where is the thyroid gland located? - correct answer-at the base of the neck
Where is the parathyroid gland located? - correct answer-posterior surface of the thyroid gland
Where is the adrenal gland located? - correct answer-on top of each kidney
Where is the pancreas located? - correct answer-behind the stomach and the bottom of the breast bone
Where is the pineal gland located? - correct answer-in the mid-line of the brain
Where is the thymus located? - correct answer-upperVthorax posterior to sternum
, Where are the reproductive glands located? - correct answer-Ovaries and testes
Where is the liver located? - correct answer-upper right quadrant of the stomach
Describe steroid hormones and their mechanisms of action? - correct answer-
Lipids derived from cholesterol with complex rings of carbon and hydrogen atoms and some oxygen at
oms, sex hormones, secretions of adrenal cortex, includes aldosterone and cortisol. Vitamin D is a mod
ified steroid.
Describe non steroid hormones and their mechanism of action? - correct answer-
Amines derived from amino acid tyrosine, these include epinephrine and nonepinepherine synthesized i
n the adrenal medulla. Thyroid hormone is also composed of tyrosine. Melatonin is derived from amin
o acid tryptophan. Protein hormones, parathyroid, growth hormone, prolactin.
Where is the anterior pituitary gland located? - correct answer-
In the fontal lobe of the pituitary gland and is enclosed in a capsule of connective tissue.
What does the APG consist of? - correct answer-connective and epithelial tissue in blocks around thin-
walled blood vessels.
What hormones does the APG secrete? - correct answer-
growth hormone, prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic, luteinizing hormone, and
follicle stimulating hormone.
What does the posterior pituitary gland consist of? - correct answer-
neuroglia (pituicytes) and axons of hypothalamic neurons.
Hormones in the PPG are what? - correct answer-Antidiuretic and oxycontin
How do the PPG hormones secrete? - correct answer-
They are transported down axons through the pituitary stalk to the posterior pituitary and stored in the
vesicles.
What does the hormone antidiuretic do ? - correct answer-
Decreases urine production by reducing the volume of water the kidneys excrete.
