NRES 348 midterm Exam Questions with Complete
Solutions
Wildlife and Fisheries
Species or systems that involve consumptive and non-consumptive use by humans
Wildlife
All free living animals
Fisheries
system that includes the fish, habitat and human users
Fish:single species
Fishes: multiple species
Management
Manipulation of pop. or habits to achieve specific goals or endpoint
Manipulative management
Acting on a pop., changing numbers by direct means or influencing numbers by indirect means
ex. altering food supply, habitat
Custodial management
Preventative or protective, minimize external influence on pop. and habitat
Life-history
Traits that describe the life cycle of an organism
ex. birth, death, reproduction., # of offspring
,Conservation
sustainable management and use of natural resources
Preservation
leaving natural systems or resources as they are
basic unit of management
the population, NOT the individual
Dynamic management
art of making land or aquatic habitat produce a sustained harvest of wildlife or fish
Ecosystem management goals
- new more holistic/comprehensive approach to conservation of biodiversity
- keep everyone on the same page
- designed to integrate ecology, socioeconomic and institutional perspective
Adaptive resources management
flexible to unanticipated and complex outcomes, continual reassessment and innovation
Adaptive management
Type of natural resources management that implies making decisions as part of an ongoing
process
Communities
Interacting assemblage of living organisms in an area; often divided by plant and animal
,origin of community ecology
Stephen Forbes (1844-1930)
Community ecology
oldest discipline in ecology, importance of interspecific interactions in descriptive natural history
intraspecific competition
competition between members of the same species
interspecific competition
competition between members of different species
Indirect Competition
consumption of a shared resource
Direct Competition
interference or contest competition; organisms prevent access or harm one another while seeking
a resource
Population
group of org. of the same species that occupy a space, close enough to find and reproduce
Importance of population
- how much can be harvested
- env. changes affect pop.
- predict when and why pop. goes extinct/endangered
, - how pop affect eachother
- env. quality indicator
Population ecology issues
- small/declining pop.
- restoration/ reintroduction
- wildlife epidemiology
- invasive species
- sustainable yield
Exponential growth
dN/dT=rN
dN: Change in #
dT: change in time
r: exp. growth rate or pop. determined by # of young and survival rate
N: pop. size @ any moment
Exponential growth: non-overlapping generations
N=Ro^+ No
N= pop. size @ end of reproduction
Ro: net replacement rate/generation
+: #of generations
semelparity
occurrence of a single act of reproduction during an organisms lifetime
Solutions
Wildlife and Fisheries
Species or systems that involve consumptive and non-consumptive use by humans
Wildlife
All free living animals
Fisheries
system that includes the fish, habitat and human users
Fish:single species
Fishes: multiple species
Management
Manipulation of pop. or habits to achieve specific goals or endpoint
Manipulative management
Acting on a pop., changing numbers by direct means or influencing numbers by indirect means
ex. altering food supply, habitat
Custodial management
Preventative or protective, minimize external influence on pop. and habitat
Life-history
Traits that describe the life cycle of an organism
ex. birth, death, reproduction., # of offspring
,Conservation
sustainable management and use of natural resources
Preservation
leaving natural systems or resources as they are
basic unit of management
the population, NOT the individual
Dynamic management
art of making land or aquatic habitat produce a sustained harvest of wildlife or fish
Ecosystem management goals
- new more holistic/comprehensive approach to conservation of biodiversity
- keep everyone on the same page
- designed to integrate ecology, socioeconomic and institutional perspective
Adaptive resources management
flexible to unanticipated and complex outcomes, continual reassessment and innovation
Adaptive management
Type of natural resources management that implies making decisions as part of an ongoing
process
Communities
Interacting assemblage of living organisms in an area; often divided by plant and animal
,origin of community ecology
Stephen Forbes (1844-1930)
Community ecology
oldest discipline in ecology, importance of interspecific interactions in descriptive natural history
intraspecific competition
competition between members of the same species
interspecific competition
competition between members of different species
Indirect Competition
consumption of a shared resource
Direct Competition
interference or contest competition; organisms prevent access or harm one another while seeking
a resource
Population
group of org. of the same species that occupy a space, close enough to find and reproduce
Importance of population
- how much can be harvested
- env. changes affect pop.
- predict when and why pop. goes extinct/endangered
, - how pop affect eachother
- env. quality indicator
Population ecology issues
- small/declining pop.
- restoration/ reintroduction
- wildlife epidemiology
- invasive species
- sustainable yield
Exponential growth
dN/dT=rN
dN: Change in #
dT: change in time
r: exp. growth rate or pop. determined by # of young and survival rate
N: pop. size @ any moment
Exponential growth: non-overlapping generations
N=Ro^+ No
N= pop. size @ end of reproduction
Ro: net replacement rate/generation
+: #of generations
semelparity
occurrence of a single act of reproduction during an organisms lifetime
