PORTAGE NUTRITION FINAL PAPER 2025/2026
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+ TIP
✔✔the science that links foods to health and disease. It includes the processes by
which humans ingest, digest, absorb, transport, and excrete food substances. -
✔✔nutrition
✔✔body's ability to perform daily functions for survival - ✔✔physical health
✔✔the cognitive ability to learn and adapt - ✔✔intellectual health
✔✔the ability to express or suppress emotion - ✔✔emotional health
✔✔ability to interact with others - ✔✔social health
✔✔purpose for human existence, cultural practices - ✔✔spiritual health
✔✔What is the difference between food and nutrients? - ✔✔Food provides energy in
terms of calories, while nutrients are substances found in food that provide the materials
for building and maintaining our bodies and regulating of key metabolic processes that
sustain life.
✔✔often the two most important reasons specific foods are consumed - ✔✔taste and
texture
✔✔provides the information consumers need to make wise food choices based on their
age and lifestyle - ✔✔The science of nutrition
✔✔There are two drives that influence our desire to eat: - ✔✔(1) hunger and (2)
appetite
✔✔is the internal drive often experienced as a negative sensation such as churning,
growling, or a painful sensation in the stomach. - ✔✔hunger
✔✔is the external drive often related to pleasant sensations associated with food and
can lead us to eat even if we are not hungry. - ✔✔appetite
✔✔the feeling of being full - ✔✔satiety
✔✔is a region of the brain that plays a role in hunger as well the feeling of being full -
✔✔hypothalamus
, ✔✔process of the hypothalamus and hunger - ✔✔When we have not eaten for a period
of time, the concentration of nutrients in the blood begin to decline. This drop stimulates
the feeding center in the hypothalamus, which then signals us to eat. When nutrient
levels in the blood begin to rise, the satiety center is activated, and our desire to
continue eating declines.
✔✔If a portion of the hypothalamus is damaged or destroyed (chemicals, trauma,
surgery, or cancer), the regulation of hunger and satiety can be lost. In such instances,
the body may no longer receive the vital signals required to stop eating, and
__________________ is almost certain. - ✔✔weight gain
✔✔he main site in the body used for digestion and absorption of nutrients. - ✔✔GI tract
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus.
✔✔plays a major role in satiety and weight regulation - ✔✔stomach
As the stomach expands from food intake and the nutrients consumed are absorbed,
our desire to eat declines.
✔✔are compounds secreted into the bloodstream by one type of cell that acts to control
the function of another type of cell. - ✔✔hormones
✔✔Hormones that increase hunger - ✔✔ghrelin, endorphins, neuropeptide-Y
✔✔Hormones that decrease hunger (cause satiety) - ✔✔leptin, serotonin,
cholecystokinin (CCK)
✔✔alerts the brain to turn off the hunger center and activates the satiety center when
consuming a meal. Leptin production occurs in adipose (fat) cells. - ✔✔leptin
✔✔is produced by the stomach and has an opposing role: Traveling to the brain, it
stimulates the hunger center as it deactivates the satiety center. - ✔✔ghrelin
✔✔However, problems arise when ______ remains elevated for a period of time. This
interferes with the hunger/satiety balance and makes the satiety center insensitive to
leptin. Studies have found that ________ individuals have higher levels of leptin than
their peers. - ✔✔leptin
obese
✔✔there are four types of external forces that influence our eating habits: - ✔✔sensory
cognitive
environmental
health status
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+ TIP
✔✔the science that links foods to health and disease. It includes the processes by
which humans ingest, digest, absorb, transport, and excrete food substances. -
✔✔nutrition
✔✔body's ability to perform daily functions for survival - ✔✔physical health
✔✔the cognitive ability to learn and adapt - ✔✔intellectual health
✔✔the ability to express or suppress emotion - ✔✔emotional health
✔✔ability to interact with others - ✔✔social health
✔✔purpose for human existence, cultural practices - ✔✔spiritual health
✔✔What is the difference between food and nutrients? - ✔✔Food provides energy in
terms of calories, while nutrients are substances found in food that provide the materials
for building and maintaining our bodies and regulating of key metabolic processes that
sustain life.
✔✔often the two most important reasons specific foods are consumed - ✔✔taste and
texture
✔✔provides the information consumers need to make wise food choices based on their
age and lifestyle - ✔✔The science of nutrition
✔✔There are two drives that influence our desire to eat: - ✔✔(1) hunger and (2)
appetite
✔✔is the internal drive often experienced as a negative sensation such as churning,
growling, or a painful sensation in the stomach. - ✔✔hunger
✔✔is the external drive often related to pleasant sensations associated with food and
can lead us to eat even if we are not hungry. - ✔✔appetite
✔✔the feeling of being full - ✔✔satiety
✔✔is a region of the brain that plays a role in hunger as well the feeling of being full -
✔✔hypothalamus
, ✔✔process of the hypothalamus and hunger - ✔✔When we have not eaten for a period
of time, the concentration of nutrients in the blood begin to decline. This drop stimulates
the feeding center in the hypothalamus, which then signals us to eat. When nutrient
levels in the blood begin to rise, the satiety center is activated, and our desire to
continue eating declines.
✔✔If a portion of the hypothalamus is damaged or destroyed (chemicals, trauma,
surgery, or cancer), the regulation of hunger and satiety can be lost. In such instances,
the body may no longer receive the vital signals required to stop eating, and
__________________ is almost certain. - ✔✔weight gain
✔✔he main site in the body used for digestion and absorption of nutrients. - ✔✔GI tract
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus.
✔✔plays a major role in satiety and weight regulation - ✔✔stomach
As the stomach expands from food intake and the nutrients consumed are absorbed,
our desire to eat declines.
✔✔are compounds secreted into the bloodstream by one type of cell that acts to control
the function of another type of cell. - ✔✔hormones
✔✔Hormones that increase hunger - ✔✔ghrelin, endorphins, neuropeptide-Y
✔✔Hormones that decrease hunger (cause satiety) - ✔✔leptin, serotonin,
cholecystokinin (CCK)
✔✔alerts the brain to turn off the hunger center and activates the satiety center when
consuming a meal. Leptin production occurs in adipose (fat) cells. - ✔✔leptin
✔✔is produced by the stomach and has an opposing role: Traveling to the brain, it
stimulates the hunger center as it deactivates the satiety center. - ✔✔ghrelin
✔✔However, problems arise when ______ remains elevated for a period of time. This
interferes with the hunger/satiety balance and makes the satiety center insensitive to
leptin. Studies have found that ________ individuals have higher levels of leptin than
their peers. - ✔✔leptin
obese
✔✔there are four types of external forces that influence our eating habits: - ✔✔sensory
cognitive
environmental
health status
