BIO 225 TEST 2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+ TIP
✔✔Bacteriostatic - ✔✔inhibits bacterial growth
✔✔What is MBC? - ✔✔minimum bactericidal concentration
✔✔Bactericide - ✔✔substance that kills bacteria
✔✔What is PCR? - ✔✔polymerase chain reaction
✔✔What is necessary to perform a PCR? - ✔✔Primer, DNA Polymerase, Template
DNA, and Deoxynucleotide
✔✔Device for a PCR - ✔✔Thermocycler
✔✔Colony counter - ✔✔An instrument used to count colonies of bacteria or other
microorganisms growing on an agar plate.
✔✔centrifuge - ✔✔device to separate substances by spinning them at high speed
✔✔gel electrophoresis - ✔✔Procedure used to separate and analyze DNA fragments by
placing a mixture of DNA fragments at one end of a porous gel and applying an
electrical voltage to the gel
✔✔Fluorescent molecules - ✔✔Molecules that emit light after absorbing light of a
different wavelength
✔✔DNA ligase - ✔✔A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication
✔✔Vector - ✔✔carrier (of disease, for example)
✔✔electroporation - ✔✔A technique to introduce recombinant DNA into cells by
applying a brief electrical pulse to a solution containing the cell
✔✔insertional inactivation - ✔✔The inserted DNA inactivates a gene in the vector by
inserting into that gene. This allows cells which contain the recombinant DNA molecule
to be identified.
✔✔Restricting endonucleases - ✔✔"Like scissors"
✔✔disk diffusion assay - ✔✔method to test the effectiveness of antimicrobial chemicals
GRADED A+ TIP
✔✔Bacteriostatic - ✔✔inhibits bacterial growth
✔✔What is MBC? - ✔✔minimum bactericidal concentration
✔✔Bactericide - ✔✔substance that kills bacteria
✔✔What is PCR? - ✔✔polymerase chain reaction
✔✔What is necessary to perform a PCR? - ✔✔Primer, DNA Polymerase, Template
DNA, and Deoxynucleotide
✔✔Device for a PCR - ✔✔Thermocycler
✔✔Colony counter - ✔✔An instrument used to count colonies of bacteria or other
microorganisms growing on an agar plate.
✔✔centrifuge - ✔✔device to separate substances by spinning them at high speed
✔✔gel electrophoresis - ✔✔Procedure used to separate and analyze DNA fragments by
placing a mixture of DNA fragments at one end of a porous gel and applying an
electrical voltage to the gel
✔✔Fluorescent molecules - ✔✔Molecules that emit light after absorbing light of a
different wavelength
✔✔DNA ligase - ✔✔A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication
✔✔Vector - ✔✔carrier (of disease, for example)
✔✔electroporation - ✔✔A technique to introduce recombinant DNA into cells by
applying a brief electrical pulse to a solution containing the cell
✔✔insertional inactivation - ✔✔The inserted DNA inactivates a gene in the vector by
inserting into that gene. This allows cells which contain the recombinant DNA molecule
to be identified.
✔✔Restricting endonucleases - ✔✔"Like scissors"
✔✔disk diffusion assay - ✔✔method to test the effectiveness of antimicrobial chemicals
