Nursing Research Methods -- Final
exam review Questions with Accurate
Answers
Quantitative - ANSWERSQuantitative research uses numbers to obtain precise
measurements.
Independent variable - ANSWERSThe independent variable influences the dependent
variable or outcome, intervention or treatment that is manipulated by the researcher (the
x variable).
Dependent variable - ANSWERSDependent outcome or variable is influenced by the
independent variable (the y variable)
Qualitative - ANSWERSQualitative research uses words to describe human behaviors.
Conceptual definition - ANSWERSDefinitions of concepts contained in a theory that
sounds like dictionary definitions.
Operational definition - ANSWERSDefinitions that explicitly state how the variable will
be measured or operationalized; empirical definitions.
Problem statement - ANSWERSA formal statement that describes the problem
addressed in the study.
Purpose statement - ANSWERSIndicates the aim of the study.
Simple hypothesis - ANSWERSA simple hypothesis describes the relationship among
two variables.
Complex hypothesis - ANSWERSA complex hypothesis describes the relationships
among three or more variables.
Directional hypothesis - ANSWERSA directional hypothesis is a statement describing
the direction of a relationship among two or more variables.
Non-directional hypothesis - ANSWERSA non-directional hypothesis is a statement of
the relationship among two variables that does not predict the direction of the
relationship among two variables, that does not predict the direction of the relationship.
Null hypothesis - ANSWERSA null hypothesis states that there is no relationship
between the variables; the statistical hypothesis.
, Concept - ANSWERSAn idea of something formed by mentally combining all of it's
characteristics or particulars; a construct.
Theory - ANSWERSA coherent group of tested general propositions, commonly
regarded as correct, that can be used as principles of explanation and prediction for a
class of phenomena.
What are the purposes of doing literature review? - ANSWERSIn order to interpret the
authors' message. We do literature review to demonstrate understanding of a research
topic. How much you know-high quality.
Primary source - ANSWERS(in scholarly studies) pertaining to or being a firsthand
account, original data, ect. Based on direct knowledge, as in primary source; primary
research.
Secondary source - ANSWERS(in scholarly studies) pertaining to or being a derived or
derivative account, an evaluation of original data.
What is the peer-reviewed processes? - ANSWERSThe peer review process subjects
scientific research papers to independent scrutiny by other qualified scientific experts
(peers) before they are made public. More than one million scientific research papers
are published in scientific journals worldwide every year.
What are the assumptions of qualitative research? - ANSWERS1) There are multiple
realities. Qualitative research is based on perceptions and reality is different for each
person. Reality changes over time. What we know has meaning only within a given
situation or context. 2) Inductive reasoning. 3) Theory grounded in the data. 4) Less
objective and generalizable than quantitative.
Descriptive study - ANSWERSNon-experimental designs used to provide information
about a phenomena.
Correlational study - ANSWERSNon-experimental designs used to study relationships
among two or more variables.
Quasi-experimental study - ANSWERSHas intervention (manipulation) only, NO
randomization or control. Used when true experimental control is not practical or ethical;
has an intervention on the absence of randomization.
True experimental - ANSWERSScientific literature -- (6 types) 1.) Two group, pretest-
post-test. 2.) Two group, post-test only. 3.) Solution four-group. 4.) Multiple
experimental groups. 5.) Factorial. 6.) Crossover Designs.
Between Groups - ANSWERSStudy design where two groups of subjects can be
compared.
exam review Questions with Accurate
Answers
Quantitative - ANSWERSQuantitative research uses numbers to obtain precise
measurements.
Independent variable - ANSWERSThe independent variable influences the dependent
variable or outcome, intervention or treatment that is manipulated by the researcher (the
x variable).
Dependent variable - ANSWERSDependent outcome or variable is influenced by the
independent variable (the y variable)
Qualitative - ANSWERSQualitative research uses words to describe human behaviors.
Conceptual definition - ANSWERSDefinitions of concepts contained in a theory that
sounds like dictionary definitions.
Operational definition - ANSWERSDefinitions that explicitly state how the variable will
be measured or operationalized; empirical definitions.
Problem statement - ANSWERSA formal statement that describes the problem
addressed in the study.
Purpose statement - ANSWERSIndicates the aim of the study.
Simple hypothesis - ANSWERSA simple hypothesis describes the relationship among
two variables.
Complex hypothesis - ANSWERSA complex hypothesis describes the relationships
among three or more variables.
Directional hypothesis - ANSWERSA directional hypothesis is a statement describing
the direction of a relationship among two or more variables.
Non-directional hypothesis - ANSWERSA non-directional hypothesis is a statement of
the relationship among two variables that does not predict the direction of the
relationship among two variables, that does not predict the direction of the relationship.
Null hypothesis - ANSWERSA null hypothesis states that there is no relationship
between the variables; the statistical hypothesis.
, Concept - ANSWERSAn idea of something formed by mentally combining all of it's
characteristics or particulars; a construct.
Theory - ANSWERSA coherent group of tested general propositions, commonly
regarded as correct, that can be used as principles of explanation and prediction for a
class of phenomena.
What are the purposes of doing literature review? - ANSWERSIn order to interpret the
authors' message. We do literature review to demonstrate understanding of a research
topic. How much you know-high quality.
Primary source - ANSWERS(in scholarly studies) pertaining to or being a firsthand
account, original data, ect. Based on direct knowledge, as in primary source; primary
research.
Secondary source - ANSWERS(in scholarly studies) pertaining to or being a derived or
derivative account, an evaluation of original data.
What is the peer-reviewed processes? - ANSWERSThe peer review process subjects
scientific research papers to independent scrutiny by other qualified scientific experts
(peers) before they are made public. More than one million scientific research papers
are published in scientific journals worldwide every year.
What are the assumptions of qualitative research? - ANSWERS1) There are multiple
realities. Qualitative research is based on perceptions and reality is different for each
person. Reality changes over time. What we know has meaning only within a given
situation or context. 2) Inductive reasoning. 3) Theory grounded in the data. 4) Less
objective and generalizable than quantitative.
Descriptive study - ANSWERSNon-experimental designs used to provide information
about a phenomena.
Correlational study - ANSWERSNon-experimental designs used to study relationships
among two or more variables.
Quasi-experimental study - ANSWERSHas intervention (manipulation) only, NO
randomization or control. Used when true experimental control is not practical or ethical;
has an intervention on the absence of randomization.
True experimental - ANSWERSScientific literature -- (6 types) 1.) Two group, pretest-
post-test. 2.) Two group, post-test only. 3.) Solution four-group. 4.) Multiple
experimental groups. 5.) Factorial. 6.) Crossover Designs.
Between Groups - ANSWERSStudy design where two groups of subjects can be
compared.
