Oncology NCLEX practice questions with answers |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
1. A male client has an abnormal result on a Papanicolaou test. After admitting,
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he read his chart while the nurse was out of the room, the client asks what
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dysplasia means. Which definition should the nurse provide?
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a. Presence of completely undifferentiated tumor cells that don't resemble cells
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of the tissues of their origin
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b. Increase in the number of normal cells in a normal arrangement in a tissue or
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an organ |\
c. Replacement of one type of fully differentiated cell by another in tissues where
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the second type normally isn't found
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d. Alteration in the size, shape, and organization of differentiated cells - CORRECT
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ANSWERS ✔✔1.Answer D. Dysplasia refers to an alteration in the size, shape,
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and organization of differentiated cells. The presence of completely
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
undifferentiated tumor cells that don't resemble cells of the tissues of their origin |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
is called anaplasia. An increase in the number of normal cells in a normal
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
arrangement in a tissue or an organ is called hyperplasia. Replacement of one
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
type of fully differentiated cell by another in tissues where the second type
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
normally isn't found is called metaplasia.|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
2. For a female client with newly diagnosed cancer, the nurse formulates a
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nursing diagnosis of Anxiety related to the threat of death secondary to cancer
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diagnosis. Which expected outcome would be appropriate for this client?
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a. "Client verbalizes feelings of anxiety."
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b. "Client doesn't guess at prognosis."
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,c. "Client uses any effective method to reduce tension."
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d. "Client stops seeking information." - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔2.Answer A.
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Verbalizing feelings is the client's first step in coping with the situational crisis. It
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also helps the health care team gain insight into the client's feelings, helping
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
guide psychosocial care. Option B is inappropriate because suppressing
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
speculation may prevent the client from coming to terms with the crisis and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
planning accordingly. Option C is undesirable because some methods of reducing
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
tension, such as illicit drug or alcohol use, may prevent the client from coming to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
terms with the threat of death as well as cause physiologic harm. Option D isn't
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appropriate because seeking information can help a client with cancer gain a
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sense of control over the crisis.
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3. A male client with a cerebellar brain tumor is admitted to an acute care facility.
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The nurse formulates a nursing diagnosis of Risk for injury. Which "related-to"
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phrase should the nurse add to complete the nursing diagnosis statement?
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a. Related to visual field deficits
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b. Related to difficulty swallowing
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c. Related to impaired balance
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d. Related to psychomotor seizures - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔3.Answer C. A
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client with a cerebellar brain tumor may suffer injury from impaired balance as
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well as disturbed gait and incoordination. Visual field deficits, difficulty
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swallowing, and psychomotor seizures may result from dysfunction of the
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pituitary gland, pons, occipital lobe, parietal lobe, or temporal lobe — not from a
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cerebellar brain tumor. Difficulty swallowing suggests medullary dysfunction.
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Psychomotor seizures suggest temporal lobe dysfunction. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
, 4. A female client with cancer is scheduled for radiation therapy. The nurse
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knows that radiation at any treatment site may cause a certain adverse effect.
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Therefore, the nurse should prepare the client to expect:
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a. hair loss.
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b. stomatitis.
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c. fatigue.
|\
d. vomiting. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔4.Answer C. Radiation therapy may cause
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fatigue, skin toxicities, and anorexia regardless of the treatment site. Hair loss,
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stomatitis, and vomiting are site-specific, not generalized, adverse effects of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
radiation therapy. |\
5. Nurse April is teaching a client who suspects that she has a lump in her
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breast. The nurse instructs the client that a diagnosis of breast cancer is
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confirmed by: |\
a. breast self-examination.
|\ |\
b. mammography.
|\
c. fine needle aspiration.
|\ |\ |\
d. chest X-ray. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔5.Answer C. Fine needle aspiration and
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biopsy provide cells for histologic examination to confirm a diagnosis of cancer. A
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
breast self-examination, if done regularly, is the most reliable method for
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
detecting breast lumps early. Mammography is used to detect tumors that are too
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
small to palpate. Chest X-rays can be used to pinpoint rib metastasis.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
1. A male client has an abnormal result on a Papanicolaou test. After admitting,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
he read his chart while the nurse was out of the room, the client asks what
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
dysplasia means. Which definition should the nurse provide?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
a. Presence of completely undifferentiated tumor cells that don't resemble cells
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
of the tissues of their origin
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
b. Increase in the number of normal cells in a normal arrangement in a tissue or
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
an organ |\
c. Replacement of one type of fully differentiated cell by another in tissues where
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the second type normally isn't found
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
d. Alteration in the size, shape, and organization of differentiated cells - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔1.Answer D. Dysplasia refers to an alteration in the size, shape,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and organization of differentiated cells. The presence of completely
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
undifferentiated tumor cells that don't resemble cells of the tissues of their origin |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
is called anaplasia. An increase in the number of normal cells in a normal
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
arrangement in a tissue or an organ is called hyperplasia. Replacement of one
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
type of fully differentiated cell by another in tissues where the second type
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
normally isn't found is called metaplasia.|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
2. For a female client with newly diagnosed cancer, the nurse formulates a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
nursing diagnosis of Anxiety related to the threat of death secondary to cancer
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
diagnosis. Which expected outcome would be appropriate for this client?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
a. "Client verbalizes feelings of anxiety."
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
b. "Client doesn't guess at prognosis."
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,c. "Client uses any effective method to reduce tension."
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
d. "Client stops seeking information." - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔2.Answer A.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Verbalizing feelings is the client's first step in coping with the situational crisis. It
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
also helps the health care team gain insight into the client's feelings, helping
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
guide psychosocial care. Option B is inappropriate because suppressing
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
speculation may prevent the client from coming to terms with the crisis and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
planning accordingly. Option C is undesirable because some methods of reducing
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
tension, such as illicit drug or alcohol use, may prevent the client from coming to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
terms with the threat of death as well as cause physiologic harm. Option D isn't
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
appropriate because seeking information can help a client with cancer gain a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
sense of control over the crisis.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
3. A male client with a cerebellar brain tumor is admitted to an acute care facility.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
The nurse formulates a nursing diagnosis of Risk for injury. Which "related-to"
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
phrase should the nurse add to complete the nursing diagnosis statement?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
a. Related to visual field deficits
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
b. Related to difficulty swallowing
|\ |\ |\ |\
c. Related to impaired balance
|\ |\ |\ |\
d. Related to psychomotor seizures - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔3.Answer C. A
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
client with a cerebellar brain tumor may suffer injury from impaired balance as
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
well as disturbed gait and incoordination. Visual field deficits, difficulty
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
swallowing, and psychomotor seizures may result from dysfunction of the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
pituitary gland, pons, occipital lobe, parietal lobe, or temporal lobe — not from a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
cerebellar brain tumor. Difficulty swallowing suggests medullary dysfunction.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Psychomotor seizures suggest temporal lobe dysfunction. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
, 4. A female client with cancer is scheduled for radiation therapy. The nurse
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
knows that radiation at any treatment site may cause a certain adverse effect.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Therefore, the nurse should prepare the client to expect:
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
a. hair loss.
|\ |\
b. stomatitis.
|\
c. fatigue.
|\
d. vomiting. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔4.Answer C. Radiation therapy may cause
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
fatigue, skin toxicities, and anorexia regardless of the treatment site. Hair loss,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
stomatitis, and vomiting are site-specific, not generalized, adverse effects of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
radiation therapy. |\
5. Nurse April is teaching a client who suspects that she has a lump in her
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
breast. The nurse instructs the client that a diagnosis of breast cancer is
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
confirmed by: |\
a. breast self-examination.
|\ |\
b. mammography.
|\
c. fine needle aspiration.
|\ |\ |\
d. chest X-ray. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔5.Answer C. Fine needle aspiration and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
biopsy provide cells for histologic examination to confirm a diagnosis of cancer. A
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
breast self-examination, if done regularly, is the most reliable method for
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
detecting breast lumps early. Mammography is used to detect tumors that are too
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
small to palpate. Chest X-rays can be used to pinpoint rib metastasis.
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