Medical Terminology for Health Professions 9th Edition
,Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-322
, CONTENTS
Preface xiii
To the Learner / xiii
Changes to the Ninth Edition / xv
About the Authors / xvi
Acknowledgements / xviii
How to Use This Book / xix
-ology Chapter 1: Introduction to Medical Terminology 1
a
-os
i
-alg ab-
is
Primary Medical Terms / 3
-itis
leu
Word Parts Are the Key / 3
rhin
k/o
Word Roots / 4
-
pre-
/o-
neu Suffixes / 5
r/o-
gastr Prefixes / 8
/o- b- Determining Meanings on the Basis of Word Parts / 9
su
Medical Dictionary Use / 10
Pronunciation / 11
hypo-
Spelling Is Always Important / 12
Singular and Plural Endings / 12
Basic Medical Terms to Describe Diseases / 12
Look-Alike, Sound-Alike Terms and Word Parts / 12
Using Abbreviations / 16
Learning Exercises / 17
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 26
Chapter 2: The Human Body in Health
and Disease 27
Anatomical Reference Systems / 29
Structures of the Body / 34
Cells / 34
Genetics / 36
Tissues / 38
Glands / 39
Body Systems and Related Organs / 39
v
Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-322
Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
,vi CONTENTS
Pathology / 41
Aging and Death / 43
Health Care Professionals / 43
Abbreviations Related to the Human Body in Health and Disease / 45
Learning Exercises / 46
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 55
Word Part Review WPR1
Word Part Practice Session / WPR1
Word Part Post-Test / WPR4
Chapter 3: The Skeletal System 56
Structures and Functions of the Skeletal System / 58
The Structure of Bones / 58
Joints / 59
The Skeleton / 61
Medical Specialties Related to the Skeletal System / 70
Pathology of the Skeletal System / 70
Diagnostic Procedures of the Skeletal System / 77
Treatment Procedures of the Skeletal System / 77
Abbreviations Related to the Skeletal System / 81
Learning Exercises / 82
The Human Touch : Critical Thinking Exercise / 91
Chapter 4: The Muscular System 92
Functions of the Muscular System / 94
Structures of the Muscular System / 94
Types of Muscle Tissue / 95
Muscle Contraction and Relaxation / 95
Contrasting Muscle Motion / 96
How Muscles Are Named / 98
Select Muscles and Their Functions / 101
Medical Specialties Related to the Muscular System / 102
Pathology of the Muscular System / 102
Diagnostic Procedures of the Muscular System / 108
Treatment Procedures of the Muscular System / 108
Abbreviations Related to the Muscular System / 110
Learning Exercises / 112
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise: / 121
Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-322
Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
, CONTENTS vii
Chapter 5: The Cardiovascular System 122
Functions of the Cardiovascular System / 124
Structures of the Cardiovascular System / 124
The Blood Vessels / 130
Blood / 132
Medical Specialties Related to the Cardiovascular System / 135
Pathology of the Cardiovascular System / 135
Diagnostic Procedures of the Cardiovascular System / 145
Treatment Procedures of the Cardiovascular System / 146
Abbreviations Related to the Cardiovascular System / 151
Learning Exercises / 152
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 161
Chapter 6: The Lymphatic and Immune
Systems 162
Functions of the Lymphatic System / 164
Structures of the Lymphatic System / 164
Additional Structures of the Lymphatic System / 167
Medical Specialties Related to the Lymphatic and Immune Systems / 171
Pathology and Diagnostic Procedures of the Lymphatic System / 171
Pathology and Diagnostic Procedures of the Immune System / 172
Treatment of the Immune System / 175
Pathogenic Organisms / 176
Oncology / 180
Cancer Treatments / 185
Abbreviations Related to the Lymphatic and Immune Systems / 186
Learning Exercises / 188
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 197
Chapter 7: The Respiratory System 198
Functions of the Respiratory System / 200
Respiration / 205
Medical Specialties Related to the Respiratory System / 206
Pathology of the Respiratory System / 206
Upper Respiratory Diseases / 208
Diagnostic Procedures of the Respiratory System / 215
Treatment Procedures of the Respiratory System / 216
Abbreviations Related to the Respiratory System / 219
Learning Exercises / 220
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 228
Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-322
Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
,viii CONTENTS
Chapter 8: The Digestive System 229
Structures of the Digestive System / 231
Digestion / 239
Medical Specialties Related to the Digestive System / 240
Pathology of the Digestive System / 240
Diagnostic Procedures of the Digestive System / 250
Treatment Procedures of the Digestive System / 251
Abbreviations Related to the Digestive System / 254
Learning Exercises / 255
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 263
Chapter 9: The Urinary System 264
Functions of the Urinary System / 266
Structures of the Urinary System / 266
The Excretion of Urine / 270
Medical Specialties Related to the Urinary System / 270
Pathology of the Urinary System / 270
Diagnostic Procedures of the Urinary System / 276
Treatment Procedures of the Urinary System / 278
Abbreviations Related to the Urinary System / 283
Learning Exercises / 285
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 294
Chapter 10: The Nervous System
and Mental Health 295
Functions of the Nervous System / 297
Structures of the Nervous System / 297
The Central Nervous System / 300
The Peripheral Nervous System / 305
The Autonomic Nervous System / 306
Medical Specialties Related to the Nervous System and Mental Health / 307
Pathology of the Nervous System / 307
Diagnostic Procedures of the Nervous System / 315
Treatment Procedures of the Nervous System / 315
Mental Health / 317
Abbreviations Related to the Nervous System / 322
Learning Exercises / 324
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 333
Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-322
Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
, CONTENTS ix
Chapter 11: Special Senses: The Eyes and Ears 334
Functions of the Eyes / 336
Structures of the Eyes / 336
Medical Specialties Related to the Eyes and Vision / 340
Pathology of the Eyes and Vision / 341
Diagnostic Procedures for Vision and the Eyes / 345
Treatment Procedures of the Eyes and Vision / 346
Functions of the Ears / 348
Structures of the Ears / 348
Medical Specialties Related to the Ears and Hearing / 350
Pathology of the Ears and Hearing / 350
Diagnostic Procedures of the Ears and Hearing / 352
Treatment Procedures of the Ears and Hearing / 352
Abbreviations Related to the Special Senses / 355
Learning Exercises / 356
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 365
Chapter 12: Skin: The Integumentary System 366
Functions of the Integumentary System / 368
The Structures of the Skin and Its Related Structures / 368
Medical Specialties Related to the Integumentary System / 371
Pathology of the Integumentary System / 372
Diagnostic Procedures of the Integumentary System / 384
Treatment Procedures of the Integumentary System / 384
Abbreviations Related to the Integumentary System / 386
Learning Exercises / 387
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 396
Chapter 13: The Endocrine System 397
Functions of the Endocrine System / 399
Structures of the Endocrine System / 399
The Pituitary Gland / 399
The Pineal Gland / 401
The Thyroid Gland / 401
The Parathyroid Glands / 402
The Thymus / 402
The Pancreas / 402
The Adrenal Glands / 403
The Gonads / 404
Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-322
Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
,x CONTENTS
Medical Specialties Related to the Endocrine System / 405
Pathology of the Endocrine System / 405
Diagnostic Procedures Related to the Endocrine System / 411
Treatment Procedures Related to the Endocrine System / 412
Abbreviations Related to the Endocrine System / 413
Learning Exercises / 414
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 423
Chapter 14: The Reproductive Systems 424
Terms Related to the Reproductive Systems of Both Sexes / 426
Functions of the Male Reproductive System / 426
Structures of the Male Reproductive System / 426
Medical Specialties Related to the Male Reproductive System / 428
Pathology of the Male Reproductive System / 428
Diagnostic Procedures of the Male Reproductive System / 430
Treatment Procedures of the Male Reproductive System / 430
Sexually Transmitted Diseases / 431
Functions of the Female Reproductive System / 432
Structures of the Female Reproductive System / 432
Terms Related to Pregnancy and Childbirth / 435
Medical Specialties Related to the Female Reproductive System
and Childbirth / 440
Pathology of the Female Reproductive System / 440
Pathology of Pregnancy and Childbirth / 443
Diagnostic Procedures of the Female Reproductive System / 444
Treatment Procedures of the Female Reproductive System / 445
Abbreviations Related to the Reproductive Systems / 448
Learning Exercises / 449
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 459
Chapter 15: Diagnostic Procedures,
Pharmacology, and Complementary Medicine 460
Diagnostic Procedures / 462
Recumbent Examination Positions / 466
Laboratory Tests / 466
Endoscopy / 469
Centesis / 470
Biopsy / 471
Imaging Techniques / 471
Nuclear Medicine / 476
Pharmacology / 478
Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-322
Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
,REVIEW SESSION CONTENTS xi
RS.1. An abnormally rapid rate of respiration RS.7. The abnormal development or growth of
usually of more than 20 breaths per minute cells is known as _______________________.
is known as _______________________. a. anaplasia
a. bradypnea b. dysplasia
b. eupnea c. hyperplasia
c. hyperventilation Non-Medication Prescriptions / 481
d. hypertrophy
d. tachypnea
Complementary and Alternative Medicine / 482
Medical Specialties
RS.8. Which Relatedistoa genetic
form of anemia Diagnostic Procedures, Pharmacology, and
RS.2. An abnormally slow heart rate of less Complementary
disorder? Medicine / 484
than 60 beats per minute is known as Abbreviations Related to Diagnostic Procedures, Nuclear Medicine, and
a. aplastic
_______________________. Pharmacology / 484
b. hemolytic
a. atrial fibrillation Learning Exercises / 486
c. megaloblastic
b. bradycardia The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 497
d. sickle cell
c. palpitation
d. tachycardia RS.9. The processes through which the body
Comprehensive Medical
maintains a constant Terminology Review
internal environment 498
RS.3. The suffix _______________________ means are known as _______________________.
surgical fixation. a. hemothorax
Study Tips / 499
a. -desis b. homeostasis
Review Session Answer Sheet / 500
b. -lysis c. hypophysis
Simulated Medical Terminology Final Test Answer Sheet / 501
c. -pexy Reviewd.Session / 502
metabolism
d. -ptosis Review Session Answer Key / 511
RS.10. _______________________ is an inflammation
Simulated Final Test / 512
RS.4. The presence of glucose in the urine is of the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves,
known as _______________________. Simulated Medical by
characterized Terminology Final Test
rapidly worsening Answer Key / 521
muscle
a. albuminuria APPENDIX
weakness that can lead A 523
to temporary
Appendix A: Prefixes, Combining Forms, and Suffixes / 522
paralysis.
b. calciuria
A Appendix
amyl/o B: Abbreviations
a. Bell’s and Their Meanings / 534
palsycarbohydrate
starch,
c. glycosuria an- Appendix C: Terms Related
not, without
b. Guillain–Barré syndrometo Diagnosis, Pathology, and Procedures / 548
a- d. hematuriano, not, without, away from, negative ana- up, apart, excessive
-a noun ending an/o c. Lou Gehrig’s
anus, ring disease
ab-
RS.5. A collection of away from, negative, absent
pus within a body cavity is -an Index / 591 characteristic of, pertaining to
abdomin/o abdomen d. Raynaud’s disease
known as a/an _______________________. -ancy Flash Cards / state 626 of
-able capable of, able to andr/o male, masculine
abrad/oa., abras/o
cyst rub or scrape off RS.11. The term
aneurysm/o
_______________________ describes
aneurysm
abrupt/o broken away from angi/o weakness or wearing
blood away of body tissues
or lymph vessel
b. empyema
abs- away from anis/o and structuresunequal caused by pathology or by
c. hernia collection of pus
abscess/o ankyl/o disuse ofcrooked, bent, stiff
the muscle over a long period of
-ac pertaining to anomal/o irregularity
d. tumor time.
-acious characterized by ante- before, in front of, forward
acous/o, acoust/o hearing, sound anter/o a. adhesion before, front
RS.6.
acr/o
The grating sound heard when the
extremities (hands and feet), top,
ends of
anti- against
a broken boneextreme move together
point is known as b. ankylosis
anxi/o anxiety, anxious, uneasy
actin/o_______________________.
light aort/o c. atrophy aorta
acu/o sharp, severe, sudden ap- toward, to
a. closed reduction d. contracture
ad- toward, to, in the direction of -apheresis removal
aden/ob. amputation gland aphth/o ulcer
adenoid/o adenoids apic/o apex, tip
c. callus
adhes/o stick to, cling to ap-, apo- separation, away from, opposed,
adip/od. crepitationfat detached
adnex/o bound to append/o, appendix
adren/o, adrenal glands appendic/o
adrenal/o aque/o water
aer/o air, gas -ar pertaining to
af- toward, to -arche beginning
affect/o exert influence on areat/o occurring in patches or
-ago abnormal condition, disease circumscribed areas
agor/a marketplace areol/o little open space, space around the
-agra excessive pain, seizure nipple
-aise comfort, ease -aria connected with
-al pertaining to arter/o, arteri/o artery
alb/o, albin/o white arthr/o joint
Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-322
albumin/o albumin, protein articul/o joint
Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
alg/o, alges/o
Editorial reviewpain, relationship
has deemed to pain
that any suppressed -ary
content does not materially affect pertaining
the overall learning experience. to reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Cengage Learning
, Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-322
Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
,Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-322
, CONTENTS
Preface xiii
To the Learner / xiii
Changes to the Ninth Edition / xv
About the Authors / xvi
Acknowledgements / xviii
How to Use This Book / xix
-ology Chapter 1: Introduction to Medical Terminology 1
a
-os
i
-alg ab-
is
Primary Medical Terms / 3
-itis
leu
Word Parts Are the Key / 3
rhin
k/o
Word Roots / 4
-
pre-
/o-
neu Suffixes / 5
r/o-
gastr Prefixes / 8
/o- b- Determining Meanings on the Basis of Word Parts / 9
su
Medical Dictionary Use / 10
Pronunciation / 11
hypo-
Spelling Is Always Important / 12
Singular and Plural Endings / 12
Basic Medical Terms to Describe Diseases / 12
Look-Alike, Sound-Alike Terms and Word Parts / 12
Using Abbreviations / 16
Learning Exercises / 17
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 26
Chapter 2: The Human Body in Health
and Disease 27
Anatomical Reference Systems / 29
Structures of the Body / 34
Cells / 34
Genetics / 36
Tissues / 38
Glands / 39
Body Systems and Related Organs / 39
v
Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-322
Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
,vi CONTENTS
Pathology / 41
Aging and Death / 43
Health Care Professionals / 43
Abbreviations Related to the Human Body in Health and Disease / 45
Learning Exercises / 46
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 55
Word Part Review WPR1
Word Part Practice Session / WPR1
Word Part Post-Test / WPR4
Chapter 3: The Skeletal System 56
Structures and Functions of the Skeletal System / 58
The Structure of Bones / 58
Joints / 59
The Skeleton / 61
Medical Specialties Related to the Skeletal System / 70
Pathology of the Skeletal System / 70
Diagnostic Procedures of the Skeletal System / 77
Treatment Procedures of the Skeletal System / 77
Abbreviations Related to the Skeletal System / 81
Learning Exercises / 82
The Human Touch : Critical Thinking Exercise / 91
Chapter 4: The Muscular System 92
Functions of the Muscular System / 94
Structures of the Muscular System / 94
Types of Muscle Tissue / 95
Muscle Contraction and Relaxation / 95
Contrasting Muscle Motion / 96
How Muscles Are Named / 98
Select Muscles and Their Functions / 101
Medical Specialties Related to the Muscular System / 102
Pathology of the Muscular System / 102
Diagnostic Procedures of the Muscular System / 108
Treatment Procedures of the Muscular System / 108
Abbreviations Related to the Muscular System / 110
Learning Exercises / 112
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise: / 121
Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-322
Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
, CONTENTS vii
Chapter 5: The Cardiovascular System 122
Functions of the Cardiovascular System / 124
Structures of the Cardiovascular System / 124
The Blood Vessels / 130
Blood / 132
Medical Specialties Related to the Cardiovascular System / 135
Pathology of the Cardiovascular System / 135
Diagnostic Procedures of the Cardiovascular System / 145
Treatment Procedures of the Cardiovascular System / 146
Abbreviations Related to the Cardiovascular System / 151
Learning Exercises / 152
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 161
Chapter 6: The Lymphatic and Immune
Systems 162
Functions of the Lymphatic System / 164
Structures of the Lymphatic System / 164
Additional Structures of the Lymphatic System / 167
Medical Specialties Related to the Lymphatic and Immune Systems / 171
Pathology and Diagnostic Procedures of the Lymphatic System / 171
Pathology and Diagnostic Procedures of the Immune System / 172
Treatment of the Immune System / 175
Pathogenic Organisms / 176
Oncology / 180
Cancer Treatments / 185
Abbreviations Related to the Lymphatic and Immune Systems / 186
Learning Exercises / 188
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 197
Chapter 7: The Respiratory System 198
Functions of the Respiratory System / 200
Respiration / 205
Medical Specialties Related to the Respiratory System / 206
Pathology of the Respiratory System / 206
Upper Respiratory Diseases / 208
Diagnostic Procedures of the Respiratory System / 215
Treatment Procedures of the Respiratory System / 216
Abbreviations Related to the Respiratory System / 219
Learning Exercises / 220
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 228
Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-322
Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
,viii CONTENTS
Chapter 8: The Digestive System 229
Structures of the Digestive System / 231
Digestion / 239
Medical Specialties Related to the Digestive System / 240
Pathology of the Digestive System / 240
Diagnostic Procedures of the Digestive System / 250
Treatment Procedures of the Digestive System / 251
Abbreviations Related to the Digestive System / 254
Learning Exercises / 255
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 263
Chapter 9: The Urinary System 264
Functions of the Urinary System / 266
Structures of the Urinary System / 266
The Excretion of Urine / 270
Medical Specialties Related to the Urinary System / 270
Pathology of the Urinary System / 270
Diagnostic Procedures of the Urinary System / 276
Treatment Procedures of the Urinary System / 278
Abbreviations Related to the Urinary System / 283
Learning Exercises / 285
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 294
Chapter 10: The Nervous System
and Mental Health 295
Functions of the Nervous System / 297
Structures of the Nervous System / 297
The Central Nervous System / 300
The Peripheral Nervous System / 305
The Autonomic Nervous System / 306
Medical Specialties Related to the Nervous System and Mental Health / 307
Pathology of the Nervous System / 307
Diagnostic Procedures of the Nervous System / 315
Treatment Procedures of the Nervous System / 315
Mental Health / 317
Abbreviations Related to the Nervous System / 322
Learning Exercises / 324
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 333
Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-322
Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
, CONTENTS ix
Chapter 11: Special Senses: The Eyes and Ears 334
Functions of the Eyes / 336
Structures of the Eyes / 336
Medical Specialties Related to the Eyes and Vision / 340
Pathology of the Eyes and Vision / 341
Diagnostic Procedures for Vision and the Eyes / 345
Treatment Procedures of the Eyes and Vision / 346
Functions of the Ears / 348
Structures of the Ears / 348
Medical Specialties Related to the Ears and Hearing / 350
Pathology of the Ears and Hearing / 350
Diagnostic Procedures of the Ears and Hearing / 352
Treatment Procedures of the Ears and Hearing / 352
Abbreviations Related to the Special Senses / 355
Learning Exercises / 356
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 365
Chapter 12: Skin: The Integumentary System 366
Functions of the Integumentary System / 368
The Structures of the Skin and Its Related Structures / 368
Medical Specialties Related to the Integumentary System / 371
Pathology of the Integumentary System / 372
Diagnostic Procedures of the Integumentary System / 384
Treatment Procedures of the Integumentary System / 384
Abbreviations Related to the Integumentary System / 386
Learning Exercises / 387
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 396
Chapter 13: The Endocrine System 397
Functions of the Endocrine System / 399
Structures of the Endocrine System / 399
The Pituitary Gland / 399
The Pineal Gland / 401
The Thyroid Gland / 401
The Parathyroid Glands / 402
The Thymus / 402
The Pancreas / 402
The Adrenal Glands / 403
The Gonads / 404
Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-322
Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
,x CONTENTS
Medical Specialties Related to the Endocrine System / 405
Pathology of the Endocrine System / 405
Diagnostic Procedures Related to the Endocrine System / 411
Treatment Procedures Related to the Endocrine System / 412
Abbreviations Related to the Endocrine System / 413
Learning Exercises / 414
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 423
Chapter 14: The Reproductive Systems 424
Terms Related to the Reproductive Systems of Both Sexes / 426
Functions of the Male Reproductive System / 426
Structures of the Male Reproductive System / 426
Medical Specialties Related to the Male Reproductive System / 428
Pathology of the Male Reproductive System / 428
Diagnostic Procedures of the Male Reproductive System / 430
Treatment Procedures of the Male Reproductive System / 430
Sexually Transmitted Diseases / 431
Functions of the Female Reproductive System / 432
Structures of the Female Reproductive System / 432
Terms Related to Pregnancy and Childbirth / 435
Medical Specialties Related to the Female Reproductive System
and Childbirth / 440
Pathology of the Female Reproductive System / 440
Pathology of Pregnancy and Childbirth / 443
Diagnostic Procedures of the Female Reproductive System / 444
Treatment Procedures of the Female Reproductive System / 445
Abbreviations Related to the Reproductive Systems / 448
Learning Exercises / 449
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 459
Chapter 15: Diagnostic Procedures,
Pharmacology, and Complementary Medicine 460
Diagnostic Procedures / 462
Recumbent Examination Positions / 466
Laboratory Tests / 466
Endoscopy / 469
Centesis / 470
Biopsy / 471
Imaging Techniques / 471
Nuclear Medicine / 476
Pharmacology / 478
Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-322
Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
,REVIEW SESSION CONTENTS xi
RS.1. An abnormally rapid rate of respiration RS.7. The abnormal development or growth of
usually of more than 20 breaths per minute cells is known as _______________________.
is known as _______________________. a. anaplasia
a. bradypnea b. dysplasia
b. eupnea c. hyperplasia
c. hyperventilation Non-Medication Prescriptions / 481
d. hypertrophy
d. tachypnea
Complementary and Alternative Medicine / 482
Medical Specialties
RS.8. Which Relatedistoa genetic
form of anemia Diagnostic Procedures, Pharmacology, and
RS.2. An abnormally slow heart rate of less Complementary
disorder? Medicine / 484
than 60 beats per minute is known as Abbreviations Related to Diagnostic Procedures, Nuclear Medicine, and
a. aplastic
_______________________. Pharmacology / 484
b. hemolytic
a. atrial fibrillation Learning Exercises / 486
c. megaloblastic
b. bradycardia The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 497
d. sickle cell
c. palpitation
d. tachycardia RS.9. The processes through which the body
Comprehensive Medical
maintains a constant Terminology Review
internal environment 498
RS.3. The suffix _______________________ means are known as _______________________.
surgical fixation. a. hemothorax
Study Tips / 499
a. -desis b. homeostasis
Review Session Answer Sheet / 500
b. -lysis c. hypophysis
Simulated Medical Terminology Final Test Answer Sheet / 501
c. -pexy Reviewd.Session / 502
metabolism
d. -ptosis Review Session Answer Key / 511
RS.10. _______________________ is an inflammation
Simulated Final Test / 512
RS.4. The presence of glucose in the urine is of the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves,
known as _______________________. Simulated Medical by
characterized Terminology Final Test
rapidly worsening Answer Key / 521
muscle
a. albuminuria APPENDIX
weakness that can lead A 523
to temporary
Appendix A: Prefixes, Combining Forms, and Suffixes / 522
paralysis.
b. calciuria
A Appendix
amyl/o B: Abbreviations
a. Bell’s and Their Meanings / 534
palsycarbohydrate
starch,
c. glycosuria an- Appendix C: Terms Related
not, without
b. Guillain–Barré syndrometo Diagnosis, Pathology, and Procedures / 548
a- d. hematuriano, not, without, away from, negative ana- up, apart, excessive
-a noun ending an/o c. Lou Gehrig’s
anus, ring disease
ab-
RS.5. A collection of away from, negative, absent
pus within a body cavity is -an Index / 591 characteristic of, pertaining to
abdomin/o abdomen d. Raynaud’s disease
known as a/an _______________________. -ancy Flash Cards / state 626 of
-able capable of, able to andr/o male, masculine
abrad/oa., abras/o
cyst rub or scrape off RS.11. The term
aneurysm/o
_______________________ describes
aneurysm
abrupt/o broken away from angi/o weakness or wearing
blood away of body tissues
or lymph vessel
b. empyema
abs- away from anis/o and structuresunequal caused by pathology or by
c. hernia collection of pus
abscess/o ankyl/o disuse ofcrooked, bent, stiff
the muscle over a long period of
-ac pertaining to anomal/o irregularity
d. tumor time.
-acious characterized by ante- before, in front of, forward
acous/o, acoust/o hearing, sound anter/o a. adhesion before, front
RS.6.
acr/o
The grating sound heard when the
extremities (hands and feet), top,
ends of
anti- against
a broken boneextreme move together
point is known as b. ankylosis
anxi/o anxiety, anxious, uneasy
actin/o_______________________.
light aort/o c. atrophy aorta
acu/o sharp, severe, sudden ap- toward, to
a. closed reduction d. contracture
ad- toward, to, in the direction of -apheresis removal
aden/ob. amputation gland aphth/o ulcer
adenoid/o adenoids apic/o apex, tip
c. callus
adhes/o stick to, cling to ap-, apo- separation, away from, opposed,
adip/od. crepitationfat detached
adnex/o bound to append/o, appendix
adren/o, adrenal glands appendic/o
adrenal/o aque/o water
aer/o air, gas -ar pertaining to
af- toward, to -arche beginning
affect/o exert influence on areat/o occurring in patches or
-ago abnormal condition, disease circumscribed areas
agor/a marketplace areol/o little open space, space around the
-agra excessive pain, seizure nipple
-aise comfort, ease -aria connected with
-al pertaining to arter/o, arteri/o artery
alb/o, albin/o white arthr/o joint
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albumin/o albumin, protein articul/o joint
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alg/o, alges/o
Editorial reviewpain, relationship
has deemed to pain
that any suppressed -ary
content does not materially affect pertaining
the overall learning experience. to reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Cengage Learning
, Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-322
Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
