PATH 370 WEEK 3
1. Define primary vs. secondary hypertension: Primary has no specific cause but is linked to
risk factors (genetics, obesity, and lifestyle) vs. Secondary which has an identifiable cause (kidney disease, hormonal
disorders, medication effects)
2. What is hypertensive urgency?: Hypertensive urgency begins at BP >120 mmHg diastolic with no end
organ damage.
3. What is hypertensive emergency (crisis)?: Hypertensive emergency (crisis) occurs with BP >120
mmHg diastolic and end organ damage.
4. Symptoms of hypotension: dizziness, blurred vision, confusion, and syncope
5. What is the end organ damage of hypertension?: Can cause HF, renal failure, retinopathy,
and stroke
6. What is the most important intervention for managing hypertension?: Changing
modifiable risk factors like diet, obesity, lifestyle, and metabolic syndrome
7. What are the blood pressure classification ranges?: Normal BP: <120/<80
Elevated: 120-129/<80
1/4
, Stage 1: 130-139/80-89
Stage 2: e
140/e
90
8. How is sodium linked to hypertension?: it causes the body to retain fluid, expanding blood
volume and raising pressure on the vessel walls
9. What do ACE inhibitors do?: Block angiotensin-converting enzyme, preventing angiotensin II produc-
tion which constricts blood vessels
10. Complications of orthostatic hypotension: stroke, cognitive impairment, and death
11. What is pulmonary stenosis?: narrowing of the pulmonary valve
could be asymptomatic or cyanosis and can lead to heart failure
12. How do LDL levels and coronary artery disease correlate?: LDL's are high in cholesterol
and increase risk of coronary artery disease development
13. Stable angina: predictable and consistent chest pain that occurs on exertion and is relieved by rest and/or
nitroglycerin
14. Unstable angina: chest pain that occurs while a person is at rest and not exerting himself
2/4
1. Define primary vs. secondary hypertension: Primary has no specific cause but is linked to
risk factors (genetics, obesity, and lifestyle) vs. Secondary which has an identifiable cause (kidney disease, hormonal
disorders, medication effects)
2. What is hypertensive urgency?: Hypertensive urgency begins at BP >120 mmHg diastolic with no end
organ damage.
3. What is hypertensive emergency (crisis)?: Hypertensive emergency (crisis) occurs with BP >120
mmHg diastolic and end organ damage.
4. Symptoms of hypotension: dizziness, blurred vision, confusion, and syncope
5. What is the end organ damage of hypertension?: Can cause HF, renal failure, retinopathy,
and stroke
6. What is the most important intervention for managing hypertension?: Changing
modifiable risk factors like diet, obesity, lifestyle, and metabolic syndrome
7. What are the blood pressure classification ranges?: Normal BP: <120/<80
Elevated: 120-129/<80
1/4
, Stage 1: 130-139/80-89
Stage 2: e
140/e
90
8. How is sodium linked to hypertension?: it causes the body to retain fluid, expanding blood
volume and raising pressure on the vessel walls
9. What do ACE inhibitors do?: Block angiotensin-converting enzyme, preventing angiotensin II produc-
tion which constricts blood vessels
10. Complications of orthostatic hypotension: stroke, cognitive impairment, and death
11. What is pulmonary stenosis?: narrowing of the pulmonary valve
could be asymptomatic or cyanosis and can lead to heart failure
12. How do LDL levels and coronary artery disease correlate?: LDL's are high in cholesterol
and increase risk of coronary artery disease development
13. Stable angina: predictable and consistent chest pain that occurs on exertion and is relieved by rest and/or
nitroglycerin
14. Unstable angina: chest pain that occurs while a person is at rest and not exerting himself
2/4
