PALS review questions with precise detailed
| | | | | |
answers
systematic |approach |to |injured |child |- |correct |answer | |Way |of |assessing |in |an |organized |manner. |
1st |step |is |to |perform |an |initial |assessment, |which |includes |a |doorway |assessment, |a |primary |survey, |
and |a |secondary |survey. |
At |any |point |- |if |you |notice |something |abnormal-you |must |interrupt |this |and |evaluate, |identify |and |
intervene
PAT |(pediatric |assessment |triangle) |- |correct |answer | |15 |to |30 |sec |doorway |assessment, |which |
includes: |
appearance
work |of |breathing
circulation |of |skin |(color)
Appearance |- |correct |answer | |Composed |of |3 |things: |
1. |degree |of |interactivity |
2. |muscle |tone |
3. |verbal |response |or |cry
Work |of |breathing: |- |correct |answer | |Composed |of: |
1. |breathing: |inc |or |dec |respiratory |effort |(is |it |regular |or |irregular, |is |passive |or |active |expiration, |
nasal |flaring, |retractions, |accessory |muscle |use, |increased |effort) |
2. |position |(tripping |or |sniffing |position?) |
3. |audible |breath |sounds: |grunting, |stridor, |wheezing
circulation |(color) |- |correct |answer | |the |childs |overall |circulatory |status. |Assess |the |child's |color, |
which |may |help |you |assess |how |well |the |child |is |perfusing. |
This |include |skin |color |and |pattern |or |obvious |significant |bleeding.
,-pallor
-mottling
-cyanosis |
-flushing |(suggests |fever |or |shock- |distributive) |
-bruising |
-petechiae |or |purpura
what |do |you |do |if |at |any |point |you |encounter |a |life-threatening |problem? |- |correct |answer | |evaluate,
|identify, |intervene
Evaluate |- |correct |answer | |1. |verify |scene |for |safety |
2. |PAT |(doorway |exam) |
3. |primary |assessment |(ABCDE) |
4. |secondary |assessment
identify |- |correct |answer | |identify |the |problem: |shock? |arrest? |respiratory |distress? |etc
Intervene |- |correct |answer | |position |
activate |emergency |response |system |
start |cpr |
code |cart |and |monitor |
cardiac |monitor |and |pulse |ox |
o2 |
ventilation |
meds
Primary |assessment: |- |correct |answer | |*ABCDE*: |objective: |airway-breathing-circulation-disability |
(AVPU/Glasgow |<8=intubate)- |exposure/environment
,airway |- |correct |answer | |Assess |upper |airway: |
is |it |open?
is |it |patent? |
secretions? |
FB? |
Breathing |pattern |(observe |abdomen, |chest, |listen |for |upper |airway |obstruction |signs) |
retractions? |
nasal |flaring?
measures |to |maintain |airway |- |correct |answer | |-positioning: |position |of |comfort, |elevate |HOB, |if |
unresponsive- |turn |child |on |left |side |
-head |tilt |chin |lift |
-jaw |thrust |
-suction |
-airway |adjuncts
-ETT |intubation |
-cricothyrotomy
FB |aspiration |interventions |- |correct |answer | |<1y/o: |give |5 |back |slaps |and |5 |chest |compression |
>1y/o |abdominal |thrusts
BREATHING |- |correct |answer | |-RR |and |pattern |(TACHYPNEA, |BRADYPNEA, |APNEA) |
-depth |
-REGULARITY |
-respiratory |effort |
-chest |expansion |and |air |movement |
-lung |and |airway |sounds |
-O2 |saturation |by |pulse |oximetry
, RR |in: |
infant |
toddler |
preschool |
school |age |
adolescent |- |correct |answer | |infant: |30-53 |breaths/min |
toddler: |22-37 |breaths/min |
pre-school: |20-28 |breaths/min |
school |age: |18-25 |breaths/min |
adolescent: |12-20 |breaths/min
A |consistent |respiratory |rate |of |less |than |_______ |or |more |than |________ |breaths |per |minute |in |a |
child |of |any |age |is |often |abnormal |and |warrants |further |assessment |for |the |presence |of |a |potentially |
serious |condition. |- |correct |answer | |10 |
60
***children |with |neurological |problems |have |irregular |respiratory |patterns: |examples: |- |correct |
answer | |- |a |deep |gasping |breath |followed |by |period |of |apnea |
-rapid |rr |followed |by |period |of |apnea |or |very |shallow |breath
signs |of |increased |respiratory |effort: |- |correct |answer | |-nasal |flaring: |dilation |of |nostrils |
-retractions: |inward |movements |of |chest |wall |or |sternum |
-head |bobbing: |using |neck |muscles |to |assist |breathing
-seesaw |respirations: |chest |retracts |and |abdomen |expands |during |inspiration, |then |chest |expands |and
|and |moves |inward |during |expiration |
-prolonged |inspiratory |or |expiratory |times |
-open |mouthed |breathing |
-gasping |
-use |of |accessory |muscles |
**-Grunting |(serious-sign |of |respiratory |distress/failure)
| | | | | |
answers
systematic |approach |to |injured |child |- |correct |answer | |Way |of |assessing |in |an |organized |manner. |
1st |step |is |to |perform |an |initial |assessment, |which |includes |a |doorway |assessment, |a |primary |survey, |
and |a |secondary |survey. |
At |any |point |- |if |you |notice |something |abnormal-you |must |interrupt |this |and |evaluate, |identify |and |
intervene
PAT |(pediatric |assessment |triangle) |- |correct |answer | |15 |to |30 |sec |doorway |assessment, |which |
includes: |
appearance
work |of |breathing
circulation |of |skin |(color)
Appearance |- |correct |answer | |Composed |of |3 |things: |
1. |degree |of |interactivity |
2. |muscle |tone |
3. |verbal |response |or |cry
Work |of |breathing: |- |correct |answer | |Composed |of: |
1. |breathing: |inc |or |dec |respiratory |effort |(is |it |regular |or |irregular, |is |passive |or |active |expiration, |
nasal |flaring, |retractions, |accessory |muscle |use, |increased |effort) |
2. |position |(tripping |or |sniffing |position?) |
3. |audible |breath |sounds: |grunting, |stridor, |wheezing
circulation |(color) |- |correct |answer | |the |childs |overall |circulatory |status. |Assess |the |child's |color, |
which |may |help |you |assess |how |well |the |child |is |perfusing. |
This |include |skin |color |and |pattern |or |obvious |significant |bleeding.
,-pallor
-mottling
-cyanosis |
-flushing |(suggests |fever |or |shock- |distributive) |
-bruising |
-petechiae |or |purpura
what |do |you |do |if |at |any |point |you |encounter |a |life-threatening |problem? |- |correct |answer | |evaluate,
|identify, |intervene
Evaluate |- |correct |answer | |1. |verify |scene |for |safety |
2. |PAT |(doorway |exam) |
3. |primary |assessment |(ABCDE) |
4. |secondary |assessment
identify |- |correct |answer | |identify |the |problem: |shock? |arrest? |respiratory |distress? |etc
Intervene |- |correct |answer | |position |
activate |emergency |response |system |
start |cpr |
code |cart |and |monitor |
cardiac |monitor |and |pulse |ox |
o2 |
ventilation |
meds
Primary |assessment: |- |correct |answer | |*ABCDE*: |objective: |airway-breathing-circulation-disability |
(AVPU/Glasgow |<8=intubate)- |exposure/environment
,airway |- |correct |answer | |Assess |upper |airway: |
is |it |open?
is |it |patent? |
secretions? |
FB? |
Breathing |pattern |(observe |abdomen, |chest, |listen |for |upper |airway |obstruction |signs) |
retractions? |
nasal |flaring?
measures |to |maintain |airway |- |correct |answer | |-positioning: |position |of |comfort, |elevate |HOB, |if |
unresponsive- |turn |child |on |left |side |
-head |tilt |chin |lift |
-jaw |thrust |
-suction |
-airway |adjuncts
-ETT |intubation |
-cricothyrotomy
FB |aspiration |interventions |- |correct |answer | |<1y/o: |give |5 |back |slaps |and |5 |chest |compression |
>1y/o |abdominal |thrusts
BREATHING |- |correct |answer | |-RR |and |pattern |(TACHYPNEA, |BRADYPNEA, |APNEA) |
-depth |
-REGULARITY |
-respiratory |effort |
-chest |expansion |and |air |movement |
-lung |and |airway |sounds |
-O2 |saturation |by |pulse |oximetry
, RR |in: |
infant |
toddler |
preschool |
school |age |
adolescent |- |correct |answer | |infant: |30-53 |breaths/min |
toddler: |22-37 |breaths/min |
pre-school: |20-28 |breaths/min |
school |age: |18-25 |breaths/min |
adolescent: |12-20 |breaths/min
A |consistent |respiratory |rate |of |less |than |_______ |or |more |than |________ |breaths |per |minute |in |a |
child |of |any |age |is |often |abnormal |and |warrants |further |assessment |for |the |presence |of |a |potentially |
serious |condition. |- |correct |answer | |10 |
60
***children |with |neurological |problems |have |irregular |respiratory |patterns: |examples: |- |correct |
answer | |- |a |deep |gasping |breath |followed |by |period |of |apnea |
-rapid |rr |followed |by |period |of |apnea |or |very |shallow |breath
signs |of |increased |respiratory |effort: |- |correct |answer | |-nasal |flaring: |dilation |of |nostrils |
-retractions: |inward |movements |of |chest |wall |or |sternum |
-head |bobbing: |using |neck |muscles |to |assist |breathing
-seesaw |respirations: |chest |retracts |and |abdomen |expands |during |inspiration, |then |chest |expands |and
|and |moves |inward |during |expiration |
-prolonged |inspiratory |or |expiratory |times |
-open |mouthed |breathing |
-gasping |
-use |of |accessory |muscles |
**-Grunting |(serious-sign |of |respiratory |distress/failure)
