1. Identifying and understanding the nature of nursing phenomena and the
relationships among the phenomena are examples of ?
A. Description
B. Explanation
C. Prediction
D. Control: A. Description
2. The beginning nurse researcher would like to investigate credible resources
for implementing protocols in clinical practice. Which of the following would be
considered empirical sources of nursing knowledge?
A. Reasoning, authority, and tradition
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,B. Quantitative, qualitative, and outcomes research
C. Care maps and protocols
D. Role modeling and trial and error: B. Quantitative, qualitative, and outcomes research
A and D are examples of sources of knowledge.
C refers to clinical practice guidelines.
3. The nurse researcher is investigating outcomes research on nursing interven-
tions. Which of the following examples would constitute outcomes research?
A. A comparison of two patient groups
B. Patient responses to nursing intervention
C. Patient tested before and after intervention
D. A patient's perception of the intervention: B. Patient responses to nursing intervention
A. Is an example of a quantitative approach
C. Is an example of a Pre and Post test design
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, D. Is an example of a qualitative approach
4. What is the best method of acquiring reliable knowledge on which to base a
clinical practice?
A. Traditions and authority
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