BOLC FINAL QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS RATED A+
Satellites enable the Army Warfighter the ability to... - ANS ✔✔*Maneuver* and *Attack* with
great precision (GPS), *Communicate* across the globe (SATCOM), *Collect* information
throughout AOR (ISR), and see the battlefield (FFT)
Emerging Adversary Capabilities imply that future Army engagements will face the potential for
operations in a... - ANS ✔✔Denied, Degraded, and Disrupted Space Operational Environment
(*D3SOE*)
What is SATCOM? - ANS ✔✔Satellite Communications is the use of satellites to provide beyond
line of sight communications for voice and data.
Provides:
•Supports all Army Warfighting Functions
•Beyond line of sight voice and data communications
•Reduces Fratricide and increased Command and Control Situational Awareness (e.g. Joint
Force Tracking)
What is FFT? - ANS ✔✔The process of fixing, observing, and reporting the location and
movement of friendly forces.
BCT Space Enabled Equipment - ANS ✔✔Over 3200 pieces of BCT equipment are GPS enabled.
Over 300 pieces of
BCT equipment are SATCOM enabled.
,COIN vs LSCO - ANS ✔✔COIN (counter insurgency)
-uncontested space = space supremacy
-one CP (command post) (DMAIN) ~ 1300-1500 personnel
-fixed command post, stable networks, fiber optic, significant SATCO bandwidth
LSCO (large scale combat operations)
-contested space = space parity
-two + CPs (DMAIN, DTAC, "Rear") ~ 800 PAX
-mobile command post, mobile networks, no fiber optic, only organic tactical SATCOM
bandwidth
-*more space challenges*
Identify Capabilities of Space Enabled Equipment - ANS ✔✔•Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
(GPS)
•Satellite Communications (SATCOM)
•Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR)
The Global Positioning System satellite constellation - ANS ✔✔-Minimum of 24 satellites with
multiple spares
-Operating altitude of 12,500 miles above Earth
-Very weak signal - equivalent to light bulb 12,500 miles in space
-Each satellite orbits the Earth twice a day
-Each GPS receiver requires line of sight to at least 4 satellites (four unknowns = latitude,
longitude, altitude, receiver clock bias)
-In most places on the Earth, between 8-11 satellites are in view at any given time
,GPS Mitigation TTPs - ANS ✔✔*Encrypt your GPS receivers (e.g. DAGR)*
-Receive 2 GPS Signals
-More resistant to adversary jamming
-The DAGR screen reflects "JAMMING DETECTED"
*Block the jamming signal using different means:*
-Terrain (hills, mountains, valleys, etc.)
-Vehicles
-Buildings
-Your body
*Maintain skills in traditional navigation methods*
-Map and Compass
-Distance and Direction
-Dead Reckoning
-Terrain Association
*Develop Primary, Alternate, Contingency, Emergency Plan*
-P: DAGR with COMSEC loaded
-A: JCR
-C: Map and Compass
-E: Terrain Association
SATCOM Mitigation - ANS ✔✔*Trouble shoot equipment. Additionally:*
-Ensure your terminal has line of sight to the communication satellite
-Weather factors may affect satellite communications (Staff Weather Officer, S6,S2)
, *Understand the tactical situation (S2 IPB) to determine if there is an enemy jamming threat to
your communications*
*Report interference in accordance with unit SOP (S6, EWO, S2)*
*Be prepared to operate without SATCOM*
-Line of sight radios, use of re-trans systems, couriers
-Operating independently within your Commander's "intent"
-Develop a P.A.C.E. Plan
ISR - ANS ✔✔*Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance*
*Many ISR missions are conducted from Space*
-This includes multiple types of imagery and signals collection
-Both U.S. Government systems and commercial companies contribute to the ISR efforts
-Your S2 is the unit POC to both access and exploit data collected by these ISR satellites
*Benefits of space-based ISR*
-Collects in denied areas of the world where aircraft and ground intelligence cannot access
-A variety of satellite sensors can collect against many different types of targets
-The imagery from commercial satellites can be excellent for tactical unit planning and can
normally be released to coalition partners
-Space ISR assists the *S2* with "All Source" intelligence
Limitations of Space Capabilities - ANS ✔✔*Physics*
VERIFIED ANSWERS RATED A+
Satellites enable the Army Warfighter the ability to... - ANS ✔✔*Maneuver* and *Attack* with
great precision (GPS), *Communicate* across the globe (SATCOM), *Collect* information
throughout AOR (ISR), and see the battlefield (FFT)
Emerging Adversary Capabilities imply that future Army engagements will face the potential for
operations in a... - ANS ✔✔Denied, Degraded, and Disrupted Space Operational Environment
(*D3SOE*)
What is SATCOM? - ANS ✔✔Satellite Communications is the use of satellites to provide beyond
line of sight communications for voice and data.
Provides:
•Supports all Army Warfighting Functions
•Beyond line of sight voice and data communications
•Reduces Fratricide and increased Command and Control Situational Awareness (e.g. Joint
Force Tracking)
What is FFT? - ANS ✔✔The process of fixing, observing, and reporting the location and
movement of friendly forces.
BCT Space Enabled Equipment - ANS ✔✔Over 3200 pieces of BCT equipment are GPS enabled.
Over 300 pieces of
BCT equipment are SATCOM enabled.
,COIN vs LSCO - ANS ✔✔COIN (counter insurgency)
-uncontested space = space supremacy
-one CP (command post) (DMAIN) ~ 1300-1500 personnel
-fixed command post, stable networks, fiber optic, significant SATCO bandwidth
LSCO (large scale combat operations)
-contested space = space parity
-two + CPs (DMAIN, DTAC, "Rear") ~ 800 PAX
-mobile command post, mobile networks, no fiber optic, only organic tactical SATCOM
bandwidth
-*more space challenges*
Identify Capabilities of Space Enabled Equipment - ANS ✔✔•Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
(GPS)
•Satellite Communications (SATCOM)
•Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR)
The Global Positioning System satellite constellation - ANS ✔✔-Minimum of 24 satellites with
multiple spares
-Operating altitude of 12,500 miles above Earth
-Very weak signal - equivalent to light bulb 12,500 miles in space
-Each satellite orbits the Earth twice a day
-Each GPS receiver requires line of sight to at least 4 satellites (four unknowns = latitude,
longitude, altitude, receiver clock bias)
-In most places on the Earth, between 8-11 satellites are in view at any given time
,GPS Mitigation TTPs - ANS ✔✔*Encrypt your GPS receivers (e.g. DAGR)*
-Receive 2 GPS Signals
-More resistant to adversary jamming
-The DAGR screen reflects "JAMMING DETECTED"
*Block the jamming signal using different means:*
-Terrain (hills, mountains, valleys, etc.)
-Vehicles
-Buildings
-Your body
*Maintain skills in traditional navigation methods*
-Map and Compass
-Distance and Direction
-Dead Reckoning
-Terrain Association
*Develop Primary, Alternate, Contingency, Emergency Plan*
-P: DAGR with COMSEC loaded
-A: JCR
-C: Map and Compass
-E: Terrain Association
SATCOM Mitigation - ANS ✔✔*Trouble shoot equipment. Additionally:*
-Ensure your terminal has line of sight to the communication satellite
-Weather factors may affect satellite communications (Staff Weather Officer, S6,S2)
, *Understand the tactical situation (S2 IPB) to determine if there is an enemy jamming threat to
your communications*
*Report interference in accordance with unit SOP (S6, EWO, S2)*
*Be prepared to operate without SATCOM*
-Line of sight radios, use of re-trans systems, couriers
-Operating independently within your Commander's "intent"
-Develop a P.A.C.E. Plan
ISR - ANS ✔✔*Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance*
*Many ISR missions are conducted from Space*
-This includes multiple types of imagery and signals collection
-Both U.S. Government systems and commercial companies contribute to the ISR efforts
-Your S2 is the unit POC to both access and exploit data collected by these ISR satellites
*Benefits of space-based ISR*
-Collects in denied areas of the world where aircraft and ground intelligence cannot access
-A variety of satellite sensors can collect against many different types of targets
-The imagery from commercial satellites can be excellent for tactical unit planning and can
normally be released to coalition partners
-Space ISR assists the *S2* with "All Source" intelligence
Limitations of Space Capabilities - ANS ✔✔*Physics*
