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CHSOS dictionary Questions and Answers
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Actor [ Ans: ] In health care simulation, professional and/or
amateur people trained to reproduce the components of real
clinical experience, especially involving communication between
health professionals and patients or colleagues (Australian Society
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for Simulation in Healthcare).
Advocacy and Inquiry [ Ans: ] • A method of debriefing in which
an observer states what was observed or performed in a
simulation activity (advocacy) or shares critical or appreciative
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insights about it explicitly (advocacy) and then asks the learners
for an explanation of their thoughts or actions (inquiry)(Rudolph et
al, 2007).
• Inquiry seeks to learn what others think, know, want, or feel;
whereas advocacy includes statements that communicate what
an individual thinks, knows, wants or feels (Bolman & Deal, 2013).
Advocacy and Inquiry [ Ans: ] A method of debriefing in which
an observer states what was observed or performed in a
simulation activity (advocacy) or shares critical or appreciative
insights about it explicitly (advocacy) and then asks the learners
for an explanation of their thoughts or actions (inquiry)(Rudolph et
al, 2007).
• Inquiry seeks to learn what others think, know, want, or feel;
whereas advocacy includes statements that communicate what
an individual thinks, knows, wants or feels (Bolman & Deal, 2013).
Alpha and Beta Testing [ Ans: ] • Alpha- early testing of a
product by the developers or programmers, but not by potential
users. The purpose of alpha-testing is to find and resolve as many
, 2
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'bugs' or problems in the software that were unanticipated during
the design and development. (Lee-Jayaram et al, 2019)
• Beta - early testing of a software, program, simulation, or game,
by potential users. The purpose of beta-testing is identical to
alpha-testing. (Lee-Jayaram et al, 2019)
Artificial Intelligence (AI) [ Ans: ] A system of computerized data-
gathering and prediction that models human behavior and
decision-making with minimal human intervention. In healthcare
simulation, AI often refers to underlying programming that
provides physiological or systembased algorithm changes based
on inputs from users and learners. Often paired with machine
learning, in which the software is programmed to alter algorithms
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and predictions based on observed data and results without
human intervention. Virtual patients use artificial intelligence to
react appropriately to the user or learner. (Bennett and Hauser,
Guru01 - Stuvia
2013)
Assessment [ Ans: ] Refers to processes that provide information
about or feedback about individual participants, groups, or
programs. Specifically, assessment refers to observations of
progress related to knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSA). Findings
of assessment are used to improve future outcomes (Scheckel,
2016; INACSL Standards Committee, 2016c, pp. S39-S40). •
Involves measurement of the KSAs which can be recorded
(Levine, DeMaria, Schwartz, & Sim, 2014).
Formative - a type of assessment (sometimes called an
evaluation) "wherein the facilitator's focus is on the participant's
progress toward goal attainment through preset criteria; a process
for an individual or group engaged in a simulation activity for the
purpose of providing constructive feedback for that individual or
group to improve (National League for Nursing Simulation
Innovation Resource Center [NLN-SIRC], 2013; Scheckel, 2016)"
(INACSL Standards Committee, 2016c, p.S41).
Often completed at the same time as the instruction (Hamdorf &
Davies, 2016), development of the individual is the focus for the
simulation objectives/outcomes to be reached (INACSL Standards
, 3
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Committee, 2016c). • Summative - a type of assessment
(sometimes called an evaluation) "at the end of a learning period
or at a discrete point in time in which participants are provided
with feedback about their achievement of outcome through
preset criteria; a process for determining the competence of a
participant engaged in healthcare activity. The assessment of
achievement of outcome criteria may be associated with an
assigned grade (NLN-SIRC, 2013; Scheckel, 2016)" (INACSL
Standards Committee, 2016c, p. S41).
Performance of the individual is compared to a specific standard
(Hamdorf & Davies, 2016). • High-stakes - a type of assessment
(sometimes called an evaluation) "associated with a simulation
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activity
Assessor [ Ans: ] • A person who performs assessment of
individuals according to pre-established criteria.
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• Assessors must have specific and substantial training, expertise,
and competency in assessment (Dictionary.com).
Augmented Reality [ Ans: ] A type of virtual reality in which
synthetic stimuli are superimposed on real-world objects, usually to
make information that is otherwise imperceptible to human senses
perceptible (M&S Glossary). • A technology that overlays digital
computer-generated information on objects or places in the real
world for the purpose of enhancing the user experience. • The
combination of reality and overlay of digital information designed
to enhance the learning process. • A spectrum of mixed-reality
simulation that is part way between the real world and the virtual
world. • A form of virtual reality that includes head-mounted
displays, overlays of computer screens, wearable computers, or
displays projected onto humans and manikins (D.R. Berryman et
al; M. Bajura et al; H. Fuchs et al).
Avatar [ Ans: ] • A virtual object used to represent a physical
object (e.g., a human) in a virtual world. • A graphical
representation, typically three-dimensional, of a person capable
of relatively complex actions, including facial expressions and
physical responses, while participating in a virtual simulation-based
, 4
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experience. The user controls the avatar through the use of a
mouse, keyboard, or a type of joystick to move through the virtual
simulation-based experience (Riley, 2008). • Controlled avatars
may be either 1st-person perspective or 3rd-person perspective in
virtual simulations. A 3rd-person perspective places the view and
camera so the user and learner can see the controlled avatar
(e.g., the player). A 1st-person perspective places the camera
such that the user and learner views the world through the eyes of
the avatar (i.e., the controlled avatar is never visible on the
screen). These perspectives only apply to screen-based
simulations using a mouse, keyboard, or joystick. Virtual Reality
simulations are almost always 1st-person. (Schuurink and Toet,
© 2025 Assignment Expert
2010)
Back Story or Backstory or Back-story [ Ans: ] "A narrative, which
provides a history and/or background and is created for a
fictional character(s) and/or about a situation for a SBE (Backstory,
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n.d.)" (INACSL Standards Committee, 2016c, p.S40). (Ed note: this
can include the back story provided to participants, standardized
patients, and staff as required to support the simulation activity)
• A method, particularly in some game-based simulations, "for
creating design prompts, dialogs, and interactions that contain
realistic verbal behaviors and variability for multiple avatars or
non-player characters (NPCs) . . ." (Zachary, Zachary,
CannonBowers, & Santarelli, 2016, p. 207). • Something that is
developed by an author in games for characters that gives them
their characteristics and memories (Fairclough & Cunningham,
2004).
Behavioral Skills [ Ans: ] The range of activities encompassed
within the category of interpersonal interaction, including bedside
manner, interpersonal, teamwork, leadership and
communications. (Murphy, Nestel, & Gormley, 2019)
• The decision-making and team interaction processes used
during the team's management of a situation. (Gaba et al, 1998)
Brief (Briefing) [ Ans: ] • An activity immediately preceding the
start of a simulation activity where the participants receive
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CHSOS dictionary Questions and Answers
(100% Correct Answers) Already Graded
A+
Actor [ Ans: ] In health care simulation, professional and/or
amateur people trained to reproduce the components of real
clinical experience, especially involving communication between
health professionals and patients or colleagues (Australian Society
© 2025 Assignment Expert
for Simulation in Healthcare).
Advocacy and Inquiry [ Ans: ] • A method of debriefing in which
an observer states what was observed or performed in a
simulation activity (advocacy) or shares critical or appreciative
Guru01 - Stuvia
insights about it explicitly (advocacy) and then asks the learners
for an explanation of their thoughts or actions (inquiry)(Rudolph et
al, 2007).
• Inquiry seeks to learn what others think, know, want, or feel;
whereas advocacy includes statements that communicate what
an individual thinks, knows, wants or feels (Bolman & Deal, 2013).
Advocacy and Inquiry [ Ans: ] A method of debriefing in which
an observer states what was observed or performed in a
simulation activity (advocacy) or shares critical or appreciative
insights about it explicitly (advocacy) and then asks the learners
for an explanation of their thoughts or actions (inquiry)(Rudolph et
al, 2007).
• Inquiry seeks to learn what others think, know, want, or feel;
whereas advocacy includes statements that communicate what
an individual thinks, knows, wants or feels (Bolman & Deal, 2013).
Alpha and Beta Testing [ Ans: ] • Alpha- early testing of a
product by the developers or programmers, but not by potential
users. The purpose of alpha-testing is to find and resolve as many
, 2
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'bugs' or problems in the software that were unanticipated during
the design and development. (Lee-Jayaram et al, 2019)
• Beta - early testing of a software, program, simulation, or game,
by potential users. The purpose of beta-testing is identical to
alpha-testing. (Lee-Jayaram et al, 2019)
Artificial Intelligence (AI) [ Ans: ] A system of computerized data-
gathering and prediction that models human behavior and
decision-making with minimal human intervention. In healthcare
simulation, AI often refers to underlying programming that
provides physiological or systembased algorithm changes based
on inputs from users and learners. Often paired with machine
learning, in which the software is programmed to alter algorithms
© 2025 Assignment Expert
and predictions based on observed data and results without
human intervention. Virtual patients use artificial intelligence to
react appropriately to the user or learner. (Bennett and Hauser,
Guru01 - Stuvia
2013)
Assessment [ Ans: ] Refers to processes that provide information
about or feedback about individual participants, groups, or
programs. Specifically, assessment refers to observations of
progress related to knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSA). Findings
of assessment are used to improve future outcomes (Scheckel,
2016; INACSL Standards Committee, 2016c, pp. S39-S40). •
Involves measurement of the KSAs which can be recorded
(Levine, DeMaria, Schwartz, & Sim, 2014).
Formative - a type of assessment (sometimes called an
evaluation) "wherein the facilitator's focus is on the participant's
progress toward goal attainment through preset criteria; a process
for an individual or group engaged in a simulation activity for the
purpose of providing constructive feedback for that individual or
group to improve (National League for Nursing Simulation
Innovation Resource Center [NLN-SIRC], 2013; Scheckel, 2016)"
(INACSL Standards Committee, 2016c, p.S41).
Often completed at the same time as the instruction (Hamdorf &
Davies, 2016), development of the individual is the focus for the
simulation objectives/outcomes to be reached (INACSL Standards
, 3
For Expert help and assignment solutions, +254707240657
Committee, 2016c). • Summative - a type of assessment
(sometimes called an evaluation) "at the end of a learning period
or at a discrete point in time in which participants are provided
with feedback about their achievement of outcome through
preset criteria; a process for determining the competence of a
participant engaged in healthcare activity. The assessment of
achievement of outcome criteria may be associated with an
assigned grade (NLN-SIRC, 2013; Scheckel, 2016)" (INACSL
Standards Committee, 2016c, p. S41).
Performance of the individual is compared to a specific standard
(Hamdorf & Davies, 2016). • High-stakes - a type of assessment
(sometimes called an evaluation) "associated with a simulation
© 2025 Assignment Expert
activity
Assessor [ Ans: ] • A person who performs assessment of
individuals according to pre-established criteria.
Guru01 - Stuvia
• Assessors must have specific and substantial training, expertise,
and competency in assessment (Dictionary.com).
Augmented Reality [ Ans: ] A type of virtual reality in which
synthetic stimuli are superimposed on real-world objects, usually to
make information that is otherwise imperceptible to human senses
perceptible (M&S Glossary). • A technology that overlays digital
computer-generated information on objects or places in the real
world for the purpose of enhancing the user experience. • The
combination of reality and overlay of digital information designed
to enhance the learning process. • A spectrum of mixed-reality
simulation that is part way between the real world and the virtual
world. • A form of virtual reality that includes head-mounted
displays, overlays of computer screens, wearable computers, or
displays projected onto humans and manikins (D.R. Berryman et
al; M. Bajura et al; H. Fuchs et al).
Avatar [ Ans: ] • A virtual object used to represent a physical
object (e.g., a human) in a virtual world. • A graphical
representation, typically three-dimensional, of a person capable
of relatively complex actions, including facial expressions and
physical responses, while participating in a virtual simulation-based
, 4
For Expert help and assignment solutions, +254707240657
experience. The user controls the avatar through the use of a
mouse, keyboard, or a type of joystick to move through the virtual
simulation-based experience (Riley, 2008). • Controlled avatars
may be either 1st-person perspective or 3rd-person perspective in
virtual simulations. A 3rd-person perspective places the view and
camera so the user and learner can see the controlled avatar
(e.g., the player). A 1st-person perspective places the camera
such that the user and learner views the world through the eyes of
the avatar (i.e., the controlled avatar is never visible on the
screen). These perspectives only apply to screen-based
simulations using a mouse, keyboard, or joystick. Virtual Reality
simulations are almost always 1st-person. (Schuurink and Toet,
© 2025 Assignment Expert
2010)
Back Story or Backstory or Back-story [ Ans: ] "A narrative, which
provides a history and/or background and is created for a
fictional character(s) and/or about a situation for a SBE (Backstory,
Guru01 - Stuvia
n.d.)" (INACSL Standards Committee, 2016c, p.S40). (Ed note: this
can include the back story provided to participants, standardized
patients, and staff as required to support the simulation activity)
• A method, particularly in some game-based simulations, "for
creating design prompts, dialogs, and interactions that contain
realistic verbal behaviors and variability for multiple avatars or
non-player characters (NPCs) . . ." (Zachary, Zachary,
CannonBowers, & Santarelli, 2016, p. 207). • Something that is
developed by an author in games for characters that gives them
their characteristics and memories (Fairclough & Cunningham,
2004).
Behavioral Skills [ Ans: ] The range of activities encompassed
within the category of interpersonal interaction, including bedside
manner, interpersonal, teamwork, leadership and
communications. (Murphy, Nestel, & Gormley, 2019)
• The decision-making and team interaction processes used
during the team's management of a situation. (Gaba et al, 1998)
Brief (Briefing) [ Ans: ] • An activity immediately preceding the
start of a simulation activity where the participants receive
