Asthma – Summary Notes
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1. Introduction
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways, characterized by reversible
airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and airway inflammation.
Key Points:
Affects all age groups, commonly seen in children and young adults
Triggers include allergens, infections, exercise, and irritants
Can lead to acute asthma attacks requiring emergency care
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2. Causes / Triggers
Common Triggers:
, Allergens: Dust mites, pollen, mold, pet dander
Respiratory infections: Cold, flu, sinusitis
Exercise-induced asthma
Air pollutants / smoke
Medications: NSAIDs, beta-blockers
Stress or strong emotions
Cold air
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3. Pathophysiology
Allergen or trigger exposure → immune response → release of histamines, leukotrienes, and
cytokines
Bronchoconstriction → airway narrowing
---
1. Introduction
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways, characterized by reversible
airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and airway inflammation.
Key Points:
Affects all age groups, commonly seen in children and young adults
Triggers include allergens, infections, exercise, and irritants
Can lead to acute asthma attacks requiring emergency care
---
2. Causes / Triggers
Common Triggers:
, Allergens: Dust mites, pollen, mold, pet dander
Respiratory infections: Cold, flu, sinusitis
Exercise-induced asthma
Air pollutants / smoke
Medications: NSAIDs, beta-blockers
Stress or strong emotions
Cold air
---
3. Pathophysiology
Allergen or trigger exposure → immune response → release of histamines, leukotrienes, and
cytokines
Bronchoconstriction → airway narrowing
