APHON OVERVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
100% CORRECT!!
,biotherapy - ANSWER modality of tx: agents that resemble body's own defense and
surveillance systems. can augment/modulate/restore host's immune response, direct
antitumor activity, other biological effects. side effects typically hypersensitivity rx
immune surveillance - ANSWER tumor cells express abnormal tumor antigens on
surface that can be recognized/destroyed by immune system
natural killer cells - ANSWER lymphocyte that recognizes/kills malignant cells
cytotoxic t cells - ANSWER recognize tumor-assosiated antigens and kills cells
interferons - ANSWER multiple moa's & produced w/ recombinant dna.
protein capable of protecting other cells from viral infections by interfering w/ viral
replication.
family of glycoproteins include: antiviral, antiproliferative, potent immunomodulatory
effects
cytokines - ANSWER products of immune cells to enhance cytotoxic activity of cells and
increase immune response
alpha-interferon - ANSWER leukocyte-derived. tx: hairy cell leukemia, melanoma,
chronic myeloid leukemia, follicular lymphoma, multiple myeloma, cutaneous t-cell
lymphoma
beta-interferon - ANSWER fibroblast-derived. tx MS
gamma-interferon - ANSWER t-lymphocyte derived. tx chronic granulomatus disease
interleukin-2 - ANSWER produced by t-helper cells & stimulate growth/maturation of t-
cell subsets, cytotoxic t-cells, production of lymphokines & cytokines.
act as chemical signals b/w wbc's (revs up immune system)
retinoids - ANSWER immunomodulators that facilitate differentiation & suppress
proliferation of cancer cells
all-trans retinoic acid (atra) - ANSWER tx: aml, aml m3 subtype, apl
increase maturation of promyelocytic blasts and rapid resolution of coagulopathy r/t tx.
, isotretinoin (accutane) - ANSWER retinoid tx neuroblastoma.
have antitumor activity unknown moa. TERATOGENIC. male/female pt must register
iPledge (fetal exposure). can also affect hearing & vision
antibodies - ANSWER proteins produced by b-lymphocytes. part of humoral immunity of
adaptive system. includes immunoglobulins (igG, igA, igM, igE, igD)
purpose of moabs - ANSWER attach low-dose radioisotopes to image residual disease.
target chemo, radiation, biotherapy to tumor
purge autologous bone marrow of cancer cells before transplant
selectively remove t cells responsible for gvhd from marrow prior to allogenic transplant
efficacy increased w/ chemo or radioactive substances
rituximab - ANSWER tx relapsed/refractory b-cell lymphoma, cd20+, non-hodgkins
lymphoma (w/ chop), posttransplant lymphoproliferative d/o, & chronic gvhd
rituximab moa - ANSWER act on CD20 antigen on surface of normal/malignant b
lymphocytes and works w/ immune system to induce b-cell lysis
radiopharmaceuticals - ANSWER moabs that have radioactive source attached for
cancer killing effect
ibritumomab tiuxetan (zevalin) - ANSWER radiopharmaceutical tx relapse/refractory
low-grade follicular or transformed b-cell non-hodgkins lymphoma
rituximab + ibritumomab tiuxetan - ANSWER target cd20 protein on b-cells. given prior
to high dose of radiation. causes increased toxicity and severe infusion rx
tositumomab + iodine 131 tositumomab (bexxar) - ANSWER tx cd20+ follicular non-
hodgkin's lymphoma. moa: recognizes marker and signals immune response then
radioactive source locks on to moab, delivers radiation directly to cd20 marked cells and
kills lymphoma b-cells
hematopoietic growth factors - ANSWER regulate different levels of hematopoietic
cascade. aka colony stimulating factors. primarily used for symptom management &
expedited recovery from chemo-induced bone marrow suppression
Colony Stimulating Factors - ANSWER ptns that support hematopoiesis. decrease
myelosuppression, accelerate recovery from bmt, tx infections/parasitic diseases, help
w/ pancytopenia
100% CORRECT!!
,biotherapy - ANSWER modality of tx: agents that resemble body's own defense and
surveillance systems. can augment/modulate/restore host's immune response, direct
antitumor activity, other biological effects. side effects typically hypersensitivity rx
immune surveillance - ANSWER tumor cells express abnormal tumor antigens on
surface that can be recognized/destroyed by immune system
natural killer cells - ANSWER lymphocyte that recognizes/kills malignant cells
cytotoxic t cells - ANSWER recognize tumor-assosiated antigens and kills cells
interferons - ANSWER multiple moa's & produced w/ recombinant dna.
protein capable of protecting other cells from viral infections by interfering w/ viral
replication.
family of glycoproteins include: antiviral, antiproliferative, potent immunomodulatory
effects
cytokines - ANSWER products of immune cells to enhance cytotoxic activity of cells and
increase immune response
alpha-interferon - ANSWER leukocyte-derived. tx: hairy cell leukemia, melanoma,
chronic myeloid leukemia, follicular lymphoma, multiple myeloma, cutaneous t-cell
lymphoma
beta-interferon - ANSWER fibroblast-derived. tx MS
gamma-interferon - ANSWER t-lymphocyte derived. tx chronic granulomatus disease
interleukin-2 - ANSWER produced by t-helper cells & stimulate growth/maturation of t-
cell subsets, cytotoxic t-cells, production of lymphokines & cytokines.
act as chemical signals b/w wbc's (revs up immune system)
retinoids - ANSWER immunomodulators that facilitate differentiation & suppress
proliferation of cancer cells
all-trans retinoic acid (atra) - ANSWER tx: aml, aml m3 subtype, apl
increase maturation of promyelocytic blasts and rapid resolution of coagulopathy r/t tx.
, isotretinoin (accutane) - ANSWER retinoid tx neuroblastoma.
have antitumor activity unknown moa. TERATOGENIC. male/female pt must register
iPledge (fetal exposure). can also affect hearing & vision
antibodies - ANSWER proteins produced by b-lymphocytes. part of humoral immunity of
adaptive system. includes immunoglobulins (igG, igA, igM, igE, igD)
purpose of moabs - ANSWER attach low-dose radioisotopes to image residual disease.
target chemo, radiation, biotherapy to tumor
purge autologous bone marrow of cancer cells before transplant
selectively remove t cells responsible for gvhd from marrow prior to allogenic transplant
efficacy increased w/ chemo or radioactive substances
rituximab - ANSWER tx relapsed/refractory b-cell lymphoma, cd20+, non-hodgkins
lymphoma (w/ chop), posttransplant lymphoproliferative d/o, & chronic gvhd
rituximab moa - ANSWER act on CD20 antigen on surface of normal/malignant b
lymphocytes and works w/ immune system to induce b-cell lysis
radiopharmaceuticals - ANSWER moabs that have radioactive source attached for
cancer killing effect
ibritumomab tiuxetan (zevalin) - ANSWER radiopharmaceutical tx relapse/refractory
low-grade follicular or transformed b-cell non-hodgkins lymphoma
rituximab + ibritumomab tiuxetan - ANSWER target cd20 protein on b-cells. given prior
to high dose of radiation. causes increased toxicity and severe infusion rx
tositumomab + iodine 131 tositumomab (bexxar) - ANSWER tx cd20+ follicular non-
hodgkin's lymphoma. moa: recognizes marker and signals immune response then
radioactive source locks on to moab, delivers radiation directly to cd20 marked cells and
kills lymphoma b-cells
hematopoietic growth factors - ANSWER regulate different levels of hematopoietic
cascade. aka colony stimulating factors. primarily used for symptom management &
expedited recovery from chemo-induced bone marrow suppression
Colony Stimulating Factors - ANSWER ptns that support hematopoiesis. decrease
myelosuppression, accelerate recovery from bmt, tx infections/parasitic diseases, help
w/ pancytopenia
