Practice exam - Cultural
Psychology (500308-B-5)
Culture - Correct Answer-✔✔any information learned from other members of
one's species that can influence an individual's behaviors
A key difference between cultural psychologists and general psychologists is that -
Correct Answer-✔✔general psychologists believe that the mind is independent
from context and content, whereas cultural psychologists believe that the mind
cannot be separated from context and content.
A key belief of the Sambia is that - Correct Answer-✔✔femaleness is innate but
maleness must be explicitly learned
Nonuniversal - Correct Answer-✔✔does not exist in all cultures
accessibility universal - Correct Answer-✔✔exists in all cultures, serves for same
function in all cultures, equally accessible in all cultures
existential universal - Correct Answer-✔✔exist in all cultures, does not serve same
function nor accessible
functional universal - Correct Answer-✔✔exist in all cultures, serves same
functions but is not accessible in all cultures
,WEIRD acronym - Correct Answer-✔✔Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich,
Democratic
Why is studying cultural psychology important? - Correct Answer-✔✔Studying
cultural psychology can give psychologists a more complete understanding of how
the human mind works.
Ethnocentrism - Correct Answer-✔✔judging other cultures by comparing them to
yours.
Is culture among chimpanzees cumulative? - Correct Answer-✔✔no, because
chimpanzees perform poorly when it comes to imitative learning
prestige bias - Correct Answer-✔✔the tendency to imitate those who have skills
and are respected by others.
similarity bias - Correct Answer-✔✔the tendency to imitate people who are
similar to ourselves
which of the following best explains both prestige bias and similarity bias? -
Correct Answer-✔✔Humans frequently engage in imitative learning.
Conformist Transmission - Correct Answer-✔✔the tendency to imitate those who
are engaging in behaviors that seem common or popular.
,How does similarity bias compare to conformist transmission? - Correct Answer-
✔✔Only conformist transmission focuses on how common a behavior is in a
group of people.
Mentalizing - Correct Answer-✔✔interests in the mental states, or intentions,
goals, strategies and preferences of others.
Imitative Learning - Correct Answer-✔✔Learner internalizes goals and behavioral
strategies of model
Emulative learning - Correct Answer-✔✔the learner focuses on environmental
events involved, such as how an object effects the environment
A child observes a model using a new tool to crack open an acorn. The child does
not copy exactly what the model does, nor does he understand that the model
wanted to crack acorns. The child simply sees that the tool can be used to crack
acorns and tries to figure out on his own how to use the tool for that purpose.
What is the child exhibiting? - Correct Answer-✔✔Emulative learning
A 2.5-year-old human child, a chimpanzee, and an orangutan are presented with
the same problem-solving task: they must figure out how to use a tool to reach
the top of a cabinet and nudge a wooden block that will knock over a banana.
Based on the findings of Hermann and colleagues (2007), which of the three
participants will outperform the others? - Correct Answer-✔✔There will be no
significant difference in performance across the three participants.
, What is a critique of the social brain hypothesis? - Correct Answer-✔✔The social
brain hypothesis predicts that group living is beneficial to primates but it doesn't
explain why.
Which of the following is true of the relationship specifically between human
brains and group size, according to the social brain hypothesis? - Correct Answer-
✔✔the neocortex ratio in humans gives them the capacity to keep track of about
150 relationships.
Which of the following is true about the cognitive skills of a 2.5-year-old human
child compared to a chimpanzee and an orangutan? - Correct Answer-✔✔The
child will likely outperform the chimpanzee and orangutan on social problem-
solving tasks but not physical problem-solving tasks.
Scaffolding - Correct Answer-✔✔Simplifying a task by directing a learners
attention to the relevant steps in the process
ratchet effect - Correct Answer-✔✔Cultural information tends to grow in
complexity and usefulness because people learn from others and add their own
modifications, which accumulate over time.
The examples of native Hawaiians having no large indigenous mammals in Hawaii
and of the !Kung being surrounded by large animals in the Kalahari Desert are
given in the textbook to illustrate which of the following? - Correct Answer-✔✔the
presence of large animals affects cultural traditions for foraging.
Psychology (500308-B-5)
Culture - Correct Answer-✔✔any information learned from other members of
one's species that can influence an individual's behaviors
A key difference between cultural psychologists and general psychologists is that -
Correct Answer-✔✔general psychologists believe that the mind is independent
from context and content, whereas cultural psychologists believe that the mind
cannot be separated from context and content.
A key belief of the Sambia is that - Correct Answer-✔✔femaleness is innate but
maleness must be explicitly learned
Nonuniversal - Correct Answer-✔✔does not exist in all cultures
accessibility universal - Correct Answer-✔✔exists in all cultures, serves for same
function in all cultures, equally accessible in all cultures
existential universal - Correct Answer-✔✔exist in all cultures, does not serve same
function nor accessible
functional universal - Correct Answer-✔✔exist in all cultures, serves same
functions but is not accessible in all cultures
,WEIRD acronym - Correct Answer-✔✔Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich,
Democratic
Why is studying cultural psychology important? - Correct Answer-✔✔Studying
cultural psychology can give psychologists a more complete understanding of how
the human mind works.
Ethnocentrism - Correct Answer-✔✔judging other cultures by comparing them to
yours.
Is culture among chimpanzees cumulative? - Correct Answer-✔✔no, because
chimpanzees perform poorly when it comes to imitative learning
prestige bias - Correct Answer-✔✔the tendency to imitate those who have skills
and are respected by others.
similarity bias - Correct Answer-✔✔the tendency to imitate people who are
similar to ourselves
which of the following best explains both prestige bias and similarity bias? -
Correct Answer-✔✔Humans frequently engage in imitative learning.
Conformist Transmission - Correct Answer-✔✔the tendency to imitate those who
are engaging in behaviors that seem common or popular.
,How does similarity bias compare to conformist transmission? - Correct Answer-
✔✔Only conformist transmission focuses on how common a behavior is in a
group of people.
Mentalizing - Correct Answer-✔✔interests in the mental states, or intentions,
goals, strategies and preferences of others.
Imitative Learning - Correct Answer-✔✔Learner internalizes goals and behavioral
strategies of model
Emulative learning - Correct Answer-✔✔the learner focuses on environmental
events involved, such as how an object effects the environment
A child observes a model using a new tool to crack open an acorn. The child does
not copy exactly what the model does, nor does he understand that the model
wanted to crack acorns. The child simply sees that the tool can be used to crack
acorns and tries to figure out on his own how to use the tool for that purpose.
What is the child exhibiting? - Correct Answer-✔✔Emulative learning
A 2.5-year-old human child, a chimpanzee, and an orangutan are presented with
the same problem-solving task: they must figure out how to use a tool to reach
the top of a cabinet and nudge a wooden block that will knock over a banana.
Based on the findings of Hermann and colleagues (2007), which of the three
participants will outperform the others? - Correct Answer-✔✔There will be no
significant difference in performance across the three participants.
, What is a critique of the social brain hypothesis? - Correct Answer-✔✔The social
brain hypothesis predicts that group living is beneficial to primates but it doesn't
explain why.
Which of the following is true of the relationship specifically between human
brains and group size, according to the social brain hypothesis? - Correct Answer-
✔✔the neocortex ratio in humans gives them the capacity to keep track of about
150 relationships.
Which of the following is true about the cognitive skills of a 2.5-year-old human
child compared to a chimpanzee and an orangutan? - Correct Answer-✔✔The
child will likely outperform the chimpanzee and orangutan on social problem-
solving tasks but not physical problem-solving tasks.
Scaffolding - Correct Answer-✔✔Simplifying a task by directing a learners
attention to the relevant steps in the process
ratchet effect - Correct Answer-✔✔Cultural information tends to grow in
complexity and usefulness because people learn from others and add their own
modifications, which accumulate over time.
The examples of native Hawaiians having no large indigenous mammals in Hawaii
and of the !Kung being surrounded by large animals in the Kalahari Desert are
given in the textbook to illustrate which of the following? - Correct Answer-✔✔the
presence of large animals affects cultural traditions for foraging.
