APHY 101 Final Exam Prep – Key Topics &
Answers
1. What is the differ- Anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts, whereas
physiology is
ence between anato- the study of the function of body parts
my and physiology?
2. What are the levels of subatomic particles, atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell,
tissue,
organization? organ, organ system, organism
3. What are the require- Water, food, oxygen, heat, pressure
ments of life?
4. What are the Movement (internal or gross); Responsiveness (reaction to internal
charac- teristics of
life? or exter- nal change); Growth (increase in size without change in
shape); Reproduc- tion (new organisms or new cells); Respiration
(use of oxygen; removal of CO2); Digestion (breakdown of food);
Absorption (movement of substances through membranes and
into fluids); Circulation (movement within body fluids);
Assimilation (changing nutrients into chemically ditterent forms);
Excretion (removal of metabolic wastes)
5. Define homeostasis Body's maintenance of a stable environment
6. What is a homeostat- the body maintains homeostasis through a number of self-
regulating con-
ic mechanism? trol systems; examples are regulating body temperature and pressure
sen- sitive receptors to regulate body pressure
1/
46
, APHY 101 Final Exam Prep – Key Topics &
Answers
7. Define matter Anything that takes up space and has mass (weight). It is composed
elements.
8. Define element fundamental substance composed of chemically identical atoms
2/
46
, APHY 101 Final Exam Prep – Key Topics &
Answers
9. Define atoms smallest particle of an element; basic unit of matter
10. What is the An atom consists of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, with
structure of an elec- trons in
atom?
orbit around the nucleus.
11. Atomic nucleus the nucleus contains protons and neutrons
12. Proton subatomic particle that has a positive charge
13. Neutron subatomic particle that has no charge
14. Electron subatomic particle that has a negative charge
15. Atomic number number or protons in nucleus
16. Atomic mass number of protons plus number of neutrons
17. What are Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons to
covalent bonds?
become stable with filled
outer shells
18. What are
ionic bonds?
2 oppositely charged atoms form this bond when electrons are
19. What are transferred from one atom to another atom
hydrogen bonds?
Weak attraction between positive end of one polar molecule and
negative end of another polar molecule; formed between water
molecules
20. Define ion When atoms gain or lose electrons, they become ions.
3/
46
, APHY 101 Final Exam Prep – Key Topics &
Answers
21. Define synthesis Two or more atoms or molecules are joined together
re- action
22. Define
decomposi- tion Larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones
reaction
23. Define exchange
re- action Parts of molecules trade places
24. Define reactant The starting materials of the reaction - the atoms, ions, or molecules
25. Define product Substances formed at the end of the chemical reaction
26. Define catalyst influence the rates of chemical reactions
27. What is an acid? Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water
28. What is a base? Electrolytes that release ions that combine with hydrogen ions in wat
29. What is a salt? Acids and bases that react to form water and electrolytes
30. What is a pH scale? represents the concentration of hydrogen ions [H+] in solution
31. Neutral solution pH 7; indicates equal concentrations of H+and OH-
32. Acidic solution pH less than 7; indicates a greater concentration of H+
33. Basic solution pH greater than 7; indicates a greater concentration of OH-
34. What is the differ- organic compounds have hydrogen and carbon; inorganic
ence between an
or- ganic molecule compounds do not
and an inorganic
mole- cule?
4/
46
Answers
1. What is the differ- Anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts, whereas
physiology is
ence between anato- the study of the function of body parts
my and physiology?
2. What are the levels of subatomic particles, atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell,
tissue,
organization? organ, organ system, organism
3. What are the require- Water, food, oxygen, heat, pressure
ments of life?
4. What are the Movement (internal or gross); Responsiveness (reaction to internal
charac- teristics of
life? or exter- nal change); Growth (increase in size without change in
shape); Reproduc- tion (new organisms or new cells); Respiration
(use of oxygen; removal of CO2); Digestion (breakdown of food);
Absorption (movement of substances through membranes and
into fluids); Circulation (movement within body fluids);
Assimilation (changing nutrients into chemically ditterent forms);
Excretion (removal of metabolic wastes)
5. Define homeostasis Body's maintenance of a stable environment
6. What is a homeostat- the body maintains homeostasis through a number of self-
regulating con-
ic mechanism? trol systems; examples are regulating body temperature and pressure
sen- sitive receptors to regulate body pressure
1/
46
, APHY 101 Final Exam Prep – Key Topics &
Answers
7. Define matter Anything that takes up space and has mass (weight). It is composed
elements.
8. Define element fundamental substance composed of chemically identical atoms
2/
46
, APHY 101 Final Exam Prep – Key Topics &
Answers
9. Define atoms smallest particle of an element; basic unit of matter
10. What is the An atom consists of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, with
structure of an elec- trons in
atom?
orbit around the nucleus.
11. Atomic nucleus the nucleus contains protons and neutrons
12. Proton subatomic particle that has a positive charge
13. Neutron subatomic particle that has no charge
14. Electron subatomic particle that has a negative charge
15. Atomic number number or protons in nucleus
16. Atomic mass number of protons plus number of neutrons
17. What are Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons to
covalent bonds?
become stable with filled
outer shells
18. What are
ionic bonds?
2 oppositely charged atoms form this bond when electrons are
19. What are transferred from one atom to another atom
hydrogen bonds?
Weak attraction between positive end of one polar molecule and
negative end of another polar molecule; formed between water
molecules
20. Define ion When atoms gain or lose electrons, they become ions.
3/
46
, APHY 101 Final Exam Prep – Key Topics &
Answers
21. Define synthesis Two or more atoms or molecules are joined together
re- action
22. Define
decomposi- tion Larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones
reaction
23. Define exchange
re- action Parts of molecules trade places
24. Define reactant The starting materials of the reaction - the atoms, ions, or molecules
25. Define product Substances formed at the end of the chemical reaction
26. Define catalyst influence the rates of chemical reactions
27. What is an acid? Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water
28. What is a base? Electrolytes that release ions that combine with hydrogen ions in wat
29. What is a salt? Acids and bases that react to form water and electrolytes
30. What is a pH scale? represents the concentration of hydrogen ions [H+] in solution
31. Neutral solution pH 7; indicates equal concentrations of H+and OH-
32. Acidic solution pH less than 7; indicates a greater concentration of H+
33. Basic solution pH greater than 7; indicates a greater concentration of OH-
34. What is the differ- organic compounds have hydrogen and carbon; inorganic
ence between an
or- ganic molecule compounds do not
and an inorganic
mole- cule?
4/
46
