Breast Cancer & Targeted Therapies Exam
questions and answers
Chemotherapy used in breast cancer
doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, paclitaxel, docetaxel
Endocrine therapy used in breast cancer
anastrozole, tamoxifen, goserelin
HER2-Directed Therapy used in breast cancer
Trastuzumab, pertuzumab
2 regimens used in breast cancer
Doxorubicin-containing regimens (ddAC→T)
Taxane-containing regimens (TC)
Epidemiology
Most common malignancy in those assigned female in the United States
Second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths
Over 290,000 Americans will be diagnosed with breast cancer in 2022
Estimated 43,000 deaths
More common in women
~1% of cases are in men
Lifetime risk of developing breast cancer: 12.3%
Breast Cancer Screening
Annual mammogram for women
for ppl 40 - 75 yrs old
Risk factors for breast cancer
Increased age
Family history of breast cancer
Young age of menarche (≤12 years)
Older age at menopause (≥55 years)
Age at birth of first child (≥30 years) or nulliparity
History of hyperplasia or carcinoma in situ
Prior radiation to the chest area
, Increased BMI
Prior hormonal therapy/contraceptive use
Alcohol consumption (≥1 drink per day)
Dense breast tissue
Protective factors for breast cancer
Prior oophorectomy before age 45
Exercise
Breastfeeding
Treatment Sequence for Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Surgery + adjuvant chemotherapy (Neoadjuvant therapy considered in some patients)
Local Therapy for breast cancer
Surgery (lumpectomy or mastectomy)
Radiation (required with lumpectomy, Post-mastectomy radiation only considered if patient is LN+ or
surgical margins are positive)
Markers for Targeted Breast Cancer Treatment
Hormone Receptors (ER, PR) and HER2
HER2 positive
Determined by IHC +/- FISH
IHC Score 2 and FISH+
IHC Score 3
Gene Expression Assays use
Provide prognostic and therapy-predictive information regarding adjuvant therapy
Oncotype DX is the most common
Gene Expression Assays are recommended for patients with...
Early-stage disease (i.e. non-metastatic)
HR+, HER2-, LN-
Gene Expression Assays are NOT recommended for patients with...
triple-negative or HER2+ disease
What does Oncotype DX evaluate?
The benefit of chemotherapy in women with newly-diagnosed, early-stage breast cancer.
What does Oncotype DX quantify?
questions and answers
Chemotherapy used in breast cancer
doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, paclitaxel, docetaxel
Endocrine therapy used in breast cancer
anastrozole, tamoxifen, goserelin
HER2-Directed Therapy used in breast cancer
Trastuzumab, pertuzumab
2 regimens used in breast cancer
Doxorubicin-containing regimens (ddAC→T)
Taxane-containing regimens (TC)
Epidemiology
Most common malignancy in those assigned female in the United States
Second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths
Over 290,000 Americans will be diagnosed with breast cancer in 2022
Estimated 43,000 deaths
More common in women
~1% of cases are in men
Lifetime risk of developing breast cancer: 12.3%
Breast Cancer Screening
Annual mammogram for women
for ppl 40 - 75 yrs old
Risk factors for breast cancer
Increased age
Family history of breast cancer
Young age of menarche (≤12 years)
Older age at menopause (≥55 years)
Age at birth of first child (≥30 years) or nulliparity
History of hyperplasia or carcinoma in situ
Prior radiation to the chest area
, Increased BMI
Prior hormonal therapy/contraceptive use
Alcohol consumption (≥1 drink per day)
Dense breast tissue
Protective factors for breast cancer
Prior oophorectomy before age 45
Exercise
Breastfeeding
Treatment Sequence for Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Surgery + adjuvant chemotherapy (Neoadjuvant therapy considered in some patients)
Local Therapy for breast cancer
Surgery (lumpectomy or mastectomy)
Radiation (required with lumpectomy, Post-mastectomy radiation only considered if patient is LN+ or
surgical margins are positive)
Markers for Targeted Breast Cancer Treatment
Hormone Receptors (ER, PR) and HER2
HER2 positive
Determined by IHC +/- FISH
IHC Score 2 and FISH+
IHC Score 3
Gene Expression Assays use
Provide prognostic and therapy-predictive information regarding adjuvant therapy
Oncotype DX is the most common
Gene Expression Assays are recommended for patients with...
Early-stage disease (i.e. non-metastatic)
HR+, HER2-, LN-
Gene Expression Assays are NOT recommended for patients with...
triple-negative or HER2+ disease
What does Oncotype DX evaluate?
The benefit of chemotherapy in women with newly-diagnosed, early-stage breast cancer.
What does Oncotype DX quantify?
