PSYCH NOTES
Chapter TWO
CHAPTER TWO: THE BRAIN
- The body possesses two major systems for corrdinating and integrating behavior
- Endocrine system: Consists of a number of glands that secrete chemical messages
(hormones) into the bloodstream that prepare the muscles and nervous to act.
- Nervous system: relays messages in the form of nerve impulses through out the
body
Structure of a nerve
- There are 100 billion neurons in you brain an none touch each other but they
communicate
- nerves are made up of neurons
Neuron: the smallest unit of the nervous system
Dendrites: the short bers that branch from the Soma that pick up messages coming
in from the surrounding areas and carry them to the Soma
Axon: long cylindrical tube that carries information from the Soma/ cell body to its
terminal buttons
Synapse: the space between the end of one axon the dendrites of the next neuron
- within your brain there are electrical charges
- You have chemicals to produce the charges
- Inside the Axon is Potassium (K)
- Outside the neuron is Sodium (Na)
- The impulse travels through the soma and axon, forcing out the potassium and
pulling in the sodium, ring the neuron
- And then the potassium is pulled back in and sodium is forced out
- When the neuron is resting it is said to be polarized
fifi
, - When the neuron is stimulated it is Depolarization
Myelin Sheath: fatty substance surrounding the Axon, acts as an insulator keeping the
charge moving as fast as possible.
- Axons membrane is semi permeable allowing the potassium to exit and the sodium
to enter
- Action potential : the triggering of the chain of events set o by a larger
depolarization
- All or none principal: one an action potential is triggered in an axon its transmitted
without decreasing in size to the end
- Neural transmission: begins at the dendrites and ends at the terminal buttons
- Synaptic transmission: neuro transmitters that cross from one neuron to the next.
- Synaptic knob, (synaptic terminal, terminal buttons): the knob like ends of the
axon
- Th synaptic vesicles: small hollow structures found I the synaptic knob that contain
molecules of near transmitters
- Neuro transmitters: chemical substances that carry neural messages across the
synapse
- Dopamine: produces excitement or inhibition post synaptically
- helps you learn
- Motor activities
- Linked to attention
- Reenforcing e ect of drugs that people tend to abuse
- Excess dopamine can cause schizophrenia
- Serotonin: plays a role in regulation of mood
- Helps control eating
- Sleep
- Arousal (weight gain)
- Helps with the regulation of dreaming
ff ff
Chapter TWO
CHAPTER TWO: THE BRAIN
- The body possesses two major systems for corrdinating and integrating behavior
- Endocrine system: Consists of a number of glands that secrete chemical messages
(hormones) into the bloodstream that prepare the muscles and nervous to act.
- Nervous system: relays messages in the form of nerve impulses through out the
body
Structure of a nerve
- There are 100 billion neurons in you brain an none touch each other but they
communicate
- nerves are made up of neurons
Neuron: the smallest unit of the nervous system
Dendrites: the short bers that branch from the Soma that pick up messages coming
in from the surrounding areas and carry them to the Soma
Axon: long cylindrical tube that carries information from the Soma/ cell body to its
terminal buttons
Synapse: the space between the end of one axon the dendrites of the next neuron
- within your brain there are electrical charges
- You have chemicals to produce the charges
- Inside the Axon is Potassium (K)
- Outside the neuron is Sodium (Na)
- The impulse travels through the soma and axon, forcing out the potassium and
pulling in the sodium, ring the neuron
- And then the potassium is pulled back in and sodium is forced out
- When the neuron is resting it is said to be polarized
fifi
, - When the neuron is stimulated it is Depolarization
Myelin Sheath: fatty substance surrounding the Axon, acts as an insulator keeping the
charge moving as fast as possible.
- Axons membrane is semi permeable allowing the potassium to exit and the sodium
to enter
- Action potential : the triggering of the chain of events set o by a larger
depolarization
- All or none principal: one an action potential is triggered in an axon its transmitted
without decreasing in size to the end
- Neural transmission: begins at the dendrites and ends at the terminal buttons
- Synaptic transmission: neuro transmitters that cross from one neuron to the next.
- Synaptic knob, (synaptic terminal, terminal buttons): the knob like ends of the
axon
- Th synaptic vesicles: small hollow structures found I the synaptic knob that contain
molecules of near transmitters
- Neuro transmitters: chemical substances that carry neural messages across the
synapse
- Dopamine: produces excitement or inhibition post synaptically
- helps you learn
- Motor activities
- Linked to attention
- Reenforcing e ect of drugs that people tend to abuse
- Excess dopamine can cause schizophrenia
- Serotonin: plays a role in regulation of mood
- Helps control eating
- Sleep
- Arousal (weight gain)
- Helps with the regulation of dreaming
ff ff
