Immunology Exam quiz and answers
well defined graded A+
What is immunity? - ANS✅✅The state of protection against infectious disease (foreign pathogens
or substances)
Describe the experiment in history regarding immunity - ANS✅✅Jenner-cowpox experiment.
Introducing cowpox fluid into people (inoculating them) will prevent them from getting smallpox.
Injected an 8 year old
What is a vaccination? - ANS✅✅Generating immunity without inducing disease
(weakens/attenuates the pathogen which destroys an infectious agent before it can cause disease)
Immunology? - ANS✅✅Study of the immune system
Immunobiology? - ANS✅✅Study of the biology of the immune system
Pathogen? - ANS✅✅A disease-causing organism
Antigen? - ANS✅✅Foreign substance (Ag)
Epitope? - ANS✅✅Region of Ag that is recognized
What is serum? - ANS✅✅Liquid, non-cellular component of blood
Who are the main participators of (innate) humoral immunity? - ANS✅✅Antibodies (Ab)
What immune protection is transferred between individuals? - ANS✅✅Passive immunity
What is passive immunity? - ANS✅✅Part of innate (humoral) immunity; Can be transferred b/t
individuals; person receiving did not make his/her own immune response to the pathogen; involved
Ab
,What is active immunity? - ANS✅✅Production of one's own immunity (comes from memory cells)
What is adaptive (cell-mediated) immunity? - ANS✅✅Immune response requires both humoral
(soluble) and celullar immunity; involves primarily lymphocytes
What is responsible for both cellular and humoral immunity? - ANS✅✅Lymphocyte (T cells
(cellular) and B cells (humoral))
What are the 2 types of lymphocytes? - ANS✅✅T cells- derived from thymus
B cells- derived from bone marrow
True or False: the immune system is highly adaptable - ANS✅✅True (bacteria, viruses, etc)
What are the 2 events involved in immune system function? - ANS✅✅1. Recognition
2. Response
What are the 2 types of response of the immune system? - ANS✅✅1. Effector (destroys pathogen
immediately)
2. Memory
What recognizes Ag? - ANS✅✅Lymphocytes (T and B cells)
What is pathogenesis? - ANS✅✅Means by which pathogens attack the host
What do Ab react to (specificity)? - ANS✅✅1. Selective Theory: cells express different side chains,
have different specificities, and Ag binds ro a good-fit receptor
2. Instructional Theory: Ag played a role in determining specificity of Ab--was refined into Clonal
Selection model where B and T cells each have individual specificity for a single Ag
Pathway of immune system (humoral vs. cell-mediated) - ANS✅✅Pathogen into body-->Humoral
(B cell) or Cell-mediated (T cell).
Humoral path:Ag binds-->secretes Ab
Cell-mediated: Ag binds, secretes cytokines
, When do immune pathways first become engaged? - ANS✅✅When the physical barriers are
breached
Recognition molecules:
Innate:
Adaptive: - ANS✅✅Innate: Germ-line encoded [PRR's (pattern-recognition receptors) bind PAMPS
(pathogen-associated molecular patterns)]
Adaptive: Highly specific, randomly generated (B and T cell receptors)
What is tolerance? - ANS✅✅A state of immunological unresponsiveness to an Ag or a set of Ags
What is generation of diversity? - ANS✅✅B and T cells create so many copies that theoretically it
could respond to any type of Ag
What is complement? - ANS✅✅Serum proteins in innate immunity
What is the time diff or innate vs. adaptive? - ANS✅✅Innate- minutes to hours
Adaptive- days
What is the 1st line of defense? - ANS✅✅Innate immune response
True or False: innate and adaptive work independent of one another - ANS✅✅False
What does activation of innate response produce? - ANS✅✅Cytokines
Cytokines? - ANS✅✅Secreted proteins that regulate the intensity and duration of an immune
response
Chemokines? - ANS✅✅Small cytokines that direct cell trafficking
Inflammation? - ANS✅✅Host or immune response to damage/infection
well defined graded A+
What is immunity? - ANS✅✅The state of protection against infectious disease (foreign pathogens
or substances)
Describe the experiment in history regarding immunity - ANS✅✅Jenner-cowpox experiment.
Introducing cowpox fluid into people (inoculating them) will prevent them from getting smallpox.
Injected an 8 year old
What is a vaccination? - ANS✅✅Generating immunity without inducing disease
(weakens/attenuates the pathogen which destroys an infectious agent before it can cause disease)
Immunology? - ANS✅✅Study of the immune system
Immunobiology? - ANS✅✅Study of the biology of the immune system
Pathogen? - ANS✅✅A disease-causing organism
Antigen? - ANS✅✅Foreign substance (Ag)
Epitope? - ANS✅✅Region of Ag that is recognized
What is serum? - ANS✅✅Liquid, non-cellular component of blood
Who are the main participators of (innate) humoral immunity? - ANS✅✅Antibodies (Ab)
What immune protection is transferred between individuals? - ANS✅✅Passive immunity
What is passive immunity? - ANS✅✅Part of innate (humoral) immunity; Can be transferred b/t
individuals; person receiving did not make his/her own immune response to the pathogen; involved
Ab
,What is active immunity? - ANS✅✅Production of one's own immunity (comes from memory cells)
What is adaptive (cell-mediated) immunity? - ANS✅✅Immune response requires both humoral
(soluble) and celullar immunity; involves primarily lymphocytes
What is responsible for both cellular and humoral immunity? - ANS✅✅Lymphocyte (T cells
(cellular) and B cells (humoral))
What are the 2 types of lymphocytes? - ANS✅✅T cells- derived from thymus
B cells- derived from bone marrow
True or False: the immune system is highly adaptable - ANS✅✅True (bacteria, viruses, etc)
What are the 2 events involved in immune system function? - ANS✅✅1. Recognition
2. Response
What are the 2 types of response of the immune system? - ANS✅✅1. Effector (destroys pathogen
immediately)
2. Memory
What recognizes Ag? - ANS✅✅Lymphocytes (T and B cells)
What is pathogenesis? - ANS✅✅Means by which pathogens attack the host
What do Ab react to (specificity)? - ANS✅✅1. Selective Theory: cells express different side chains,
have different specificities, and Ag binds ro a good-fit receptor
2. Instructional Theory: Ag played a role in determining specificity of Ab--was refined into Clonal
Selection model where B and T cells each have individual specificity for a single Ag
Pathway of immune system (humoral vs. cell-mediated) - ANS✅✅Pathogen into body-->Humoral
(B cell) or Cell-mediated (T cell).
Humoral path:Ag binds-->secretes Ab
Cell-mediated: Ag binds, secretes cytokines
, When do immune pathways first become engaged? - ANS✅✅When the physical barriers are
breached
Recognition molecules:
Innate:
Adaptive: - ANS✅✅Innate: Germ-line encoded [PRR's (pattern-recognition receptors) bind PAMPS
(pathogen-associated molecular patterns)]
Adaptive: Highly specific, randomly generated (B and T cell receptors)
What is tolerance? - ANS✅✅A state of immunological unresponsiveness to an Ag or a set of Ags
What is generation of diversity? - ANS✅✅B and T cells create so many copies that theoretically it
could respond to any type of Ag
What is complement? - ANS✅✅Serum proteins in innate immunity
What is the time diff or innate vs. adaptive? - ANS✅✅Innate- minutes to hours
Adaptive- days
What is the 1st line of defense? - ANS✅✅Innate immune response
True or False: innate and adaptive work independent of one another - ANS✅✅False
What does activation of innate response produce? - ANS✅✅Cytokines
Cytokines? - ANS✅✅Secreted proteins that regulate the intensity and duration of an immune
response
Chemokines? - ANS✅✅Small cytokines that direct cell trafficking
Inflammation? - ANS✅✅Host or immune response to damage/infection
