BIO N154 Midterm 2 Exam With Complete Solutions
Ligand-gated (ionotropic) receptors have ___ channels as part of their structure -
ANSWER ion
What ions can flow through open ion-selective receptor channels? - ANSWER Na+/K+
Ca2+
Cl-
What is the Cl- concentration gradient? - ANSWER More Cl- outside
What is required to do PCR? - ANSWER 1. forward and reverse primers
2. DNA template
3. DNA polymerase
4. dNTPs
5. reaction buffer
site-directed mutagenesis - ANSWER Techniques used to modify a gene in a specific
location to produce the desired polypeptide
What are the 2 types of neurotransmitter receptors? - ANSWER 1. ligand-gated
(iontropic)
2. G-protein coupled
What are examples of iontropic receptors? - ANSWER 1. nicotinic acetylcholine
receptors (nAChR)
2. Glutamate receptor
-Kainate
, -NMDA
-AMPA
3. GABA receptor
ESPS - ANSWER An excitatory synapse is a synapse in which an action potential in a
presynaptic neuron increases the probability of an action potential occurring in a
postsynaptic cell.
ISPS - ANSWER inhibitory post synaptic potential
What is the sodium ion concentration gradient? - ANSWER Sodium is low inside the cell
What is the chloride ion concentration gradient? - ANSWER Chloride is low inside the
cell
What is the potassium ion concentration gradient? - ANSWER Potassium is high inside
the cell
What is the excitatory neurotransmitter? - ANSWER glutamate
What is the inhibitory neurotransmitter? - ANSWER GABA
If you have cation influx into the cell, what should you expect? - ANSWER Depolarization
If you have anion influx into the cell, what should you expect? - ANSWER
Hyperpolarization
What are nAChRs located? - ANSWER neuromuscular junction
Ligand-gated (ionotropic) receptors have ___ channels as part of their structure -
ANSWER ion
What ions can flow through open ion-selective receptor channels? - ANSWER Na+/K+
Ca2+
Cl-
What is the Cl- concentration gradient? - ANSWER More Cl- outside
What is required to do PCR? - ANSWER 1. forward and reverse primers
2. DNA template
3. DNA polymerase
4. dNTPs
5. reaction buffer
site-directed mutagenesis - ANSWER Techniques used to modify a gene in a specific
location to produce the desired polypeptide
What are the 2 types of neurotransmitter receptors? - ANSWER 1. ligand-gated
(iontropic)
2. G-protein coupled
What are examples of iontropic receptors? - ANSWER 1. nicotinic acetylcholine
receptors (nAChR)
2. Glutamate receptor
-Kainate
, -NMDA
-AMPA
3. GABA receptor
ESPS - ANSWER An excitatory synapse is a synapse in which an action potential in a
presynaptic neuron increases the probability of an action potential occurring in a
postsynaptic cell.
ISPS - ANSWER inhibitory post synaptic potential
What is the sodium ion concentration gradient? - ANSWER Sodium is low inside the cell
What is the chloride ion concentration gradient? - ANSWER Chloride is low inside the
cell
What is the potassium ion concentration gradient? - ANSWER Potassium is high inside
the cell
What is the excitatory neurotransmitter? - ANSWER glutamate
What is the inhibitory neurotransmitter? - ANSWER GABA
If you have cation influx into the cell, what should you expect? - ANSWER Depolarization
If you have anion influx into the cell, what should you expect? - ANSWER
Hyperpolarization
What are nAChRs located? - ANSWER neuromuscular junction
