COMM 131 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
100% VERIFIED
6 Propositions - ANSWER 1.Argument should be cooperative disagreement
2.Arguments should be built with strong supportive evidence
3.Arguments from anger are acceptable, arguments from contempt are
counter-productive
4.In the long run, sound argument will prevail
5.Argument is the basis of civic engagement
6.Humans primarily argue with informal questions of fact, value, and/or policy
Evidence - ANSWER the available body of facts or information indicating whether a
belief or proposition is true or valid.
Typical 2020 Arguments - ANSWER Attacking others with differing opinions, talking over
each other
Argument - ANSWER A vehicle for creating social Truth
Parts of argument - ANSWER Claim, reasoning , evidence
Enthymeme - ANSWER an argument in which one premise is not explicitly stated
4 tools of argument - ANSWER Debate- inquiry/advocacy
Persuasion/Rhetoric-Ethos, pathos, logos
Propoganda- Influence
Coercion- threat/force
, Epistemology - ANSWER study of knowledge production; knowledge is not neutral
Arguments in everyday life - ANSWER is a hotdog a sandwhich, is cereal a soup
Steinberg/freely's definition of argument - ANSWER "...reason giving in communicative
situations by people whose purpose is the justification of acts, beliefs, attitudes, and
values"
Where is FORMAL LOGIC found - ANSWER math, hard science, statistics, quantitative
research, philosophy
Types of Reasoning - ANSWER Deductive: general to specific
Inductive: specific to general
Empirics - ANSWER experience
Propositions/Resolutions - ANSWER RESOLVED: To be firm [about a course of action].
Burdens for change/no change - ANSWER Burden of Rejoinder: The obligation that
opposing parties have to respond to arguments in favor of change
Burden of proof:The "inherent obligation" to provide sufficient evidence and arguments
to overcome presumption
Presumption:The "inherent advantage" in opposing change
3 Branches of Government - ANSWER Legislative, Executive, Judicial
Argument by Definition - ANSWER "Operational" definition (coherent narrative) •
"Connotative" definition (key value terms) • "Epistemic" definition (worldview)
100% VERIFIED
6 Propositions - ANSWER 1.Argument should be cooperative disagreement
2.Arguments should be built with strong supportive evidence
3.Arguments from anger are acceptable, arguments from contempt are
counter-productive
4.In the long run, sound argument will prevail
5.Argument is the basis of civic engagement
6.Humans primarily argue with informal questions of fact, value, and/or policy
Evidence - ANSWER the available body of facts or information indicating whether a
belief or proposition is true or valid.
Typical 2020 Arguments - ANSWER Attacking others with differing opinions, talking over
each other
Argument - ANSWER A vehicle for creating social Truth
Parts of argument - ANSWER Claim, reasoning , evidence
Enthymeme - ANSWER an argument in which one premise is not explicitly stated
4 tools of argument - ANSWER Debate- inquiry/advocacy
Persuasion/Rhetoric-Ethos, pathos, logos
Propoganda- Influence
Coercion- threat/force
, Epistemology - ANSWER study of knowledge production; knowledge is not neutral
Arguments in everyday life - ANSWER is a hotdog a sandwhich, is cereal a soup
Steinberg/freely's definition of argument - ANSWER "...reason giving in communicative
situations by people whose purpose is the justification of acts, beliefs, attitudes, and
values"
Where is FORMAL LOGIC found - ANSWER math, hard science, statistics, quantitative
research, philosophy
Types of Reasoning - ANSWER Deductive: general to specific
Inductive: specific to general
Empirics - ANSWER experience
Propositions/Resolutions - ANSWER RESOLVED: To be firm [about a course of action].
Burdens for change/no change - ANSWER Burden of Rejoinder: The obligation that
opposing parties have to respond to arguments in favor of change
Burden of proof:The "inherent obligation" to provide sufficient evidence and arguments
to overcome presumption
Presumption:The "inherent advantage" in opposing change
3 Branches of Government - ANSWER Legislative, Executive, Judicial
Argument by Definition - ANSWER "Operational" definition (coherent narrative) •
"Connotative" definition (key value terms) • "Epistemic" definition (worldview)
