PRITE Child and Adolescent Exam Questions
and Answers
Child and Adolescent
Which of the following acutely inhibits the release of glucocorticoids in the adrenal glands?
* GABA
Cortisol
Estrogen
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
2019 Child: 1
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that acts on specific receptors in the
body, including those in the adrenal glands. When GABA binds to its receptors in the adrenal glands, it
can inhibit the release of the hormone glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, by reducing the activity of the
enzymes and pathways involved in their synthesis and release.
A teacher assigns the children in the class to solve as many math problems as they can on their own in a
20-minute period. The teacher makes a note of each student's progress, divides the class into groups to
further work on the problems together, and provides help to each group when members are stuck. This
strategy most directly makes use of which of the following educational concepts?
Transfer of learning
Collective socialization
Attunement to learning styles
Transformative learning theory
* Zone of proximal development
2019 Child: 2
The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) is a concept developed by Soviet psychologist Lev Vygotsky. It
refers to the difference between what a child can do independently and what they can do with the help
of a more skilled partner or teacher. The ZPD is the area where the most sensitive instruction or
guidance should occur, as it represents the level at which a child is most ready to learn and make the
most progress.
The ZPD can be thought of as a range of tasks or activities that are just beyond a child's current level of
ability, but with guidance and support, they can accomplish. It is the area where a child's potential for
,learning and development is the highest. Vygotsky believed that the ZPD is critical in the development of
cognitive and social skills and that it can be used as a guide for instructional planning
By age three years, toddlers can typically perform which of the following tasks?
Tie shoelaces
Fasten buttons
Close a zipper
* Manipulate scissors
Draw a person with realistic proportions
2019 Child: 3
By age three years, toddlers typically have developed the fine motor skills necessary to perform a variety
of tasks such as:
· Manipulating scissors: They can hold and open and close scissors with one hand and make basic cutting
motions.
· Drawing and coloring: They can hold a crayon, marker or pencil with a mature grip and make marks on
paper.
· Building with blocks: They can stack blocks, build towers and make simple structures.
· Stringing beads: They can thread large beads on a string or lace.
· Turning pages in a book: They can turn pages one at a time with thumb and index finger.
· Dressing themselves: They can dress and undress themselves with some assistance.
· Brushing their teeth: They can brush their teeth with some assistance.
· Using utensils: They can use a fork and spoon with some assistance and may start using a knife to cut
soft foods.
It's important to note that children develop at different rates, so some children may be able to perform
these tasks earlier or later than others.
By age three years, toddlers typically cannot perform certain fine motor tasks that require more
advanced dexterity, coordination, and control. Some examples of fine motor tasks that toddlers may not
be able to perform at this age include:
· Writing: They may not be able to form letters or numbers with a pencil or crayon.
· Zipping and buttoning: They may not be able to fasten zippers or buttons on their own.
· Cutting with scissors: They may not be able to cut along a straight line or make precise cuts.
· Threading small beads or needles: They may not have the dexterity to thread small beads or needles.
· Using small tools: They may not be able to use small tools such as tweezers or tongs.
,· Holding small objects: They may not be able to pick up small objects such as beads or coins with their
fingers.
· Tying shoelaces: They may not have the fine motor skills to tie shoelaces.
It's important to note that children develop at different rates, so some children may be able to perform
some of these tasks earlier or later than others.
Typically, children around the age of 5 or 6 may start to draw people with more recognizable shapes, but
it may take until around age 7 or 8 for them to begin to understand and use proportions correctly.
An adolescent boy was engaged in therapy lasting ten weeks. During this therapy the boy was able to
relate his test-taking anxiety, chronic feeling of interpersonal inadequacy, and inaccurate sense of
physical unattractiveness to an earlier relationship with his father who was often critical and harsh, and
unpredictably embarrassed the boy in social settings. Which of the following therapies was most likely
utilized?
Behavioral
Cognitive behavioral
Dialectical behavioral
Motivational interviewing
* Short-term psychodynamic
2019 Child: 4
Traditional psychodynamic therapy is a longer-term treatment that usually involves weekly sessions over
a period of several months or even years. The focus of traditional psychodynamic therapy is on exploring
the patient's unconscious thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that may be contributing to their current
problems. This therapy aims to help the patient gain insight and understanding into their problems and
how they developed, and how to change their maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling and behaving.
Short-term psychodynamic therapy, on the other hand, is usually a more focused and time-limited
treatment that may last for several weeks or months. The focus of short-term psychodynamic therapy is
on addressing specific, well-defined problems or symptoms that the patient is experiencing. This therapy
aims to help the patient identify and understand the underlying causes of their problems, but also
providing them with specific techniques or strategies to cope with them in the short term.
In summary, traditional psychodynamic therapy is a longer-term treatment that focuses on exploring the
patient's unconscious thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, while short-term psychodynamic therapy is a
more focused and time-limited treatment that addresses specific problems or symptoms.
During a psychiatric evaluation, which of the following methods would best help develop the
therapeutic alliance between a psychiatrist and a new immigrant patient and family?
Consulting with the immigrant family's traditional healers
Conducting the initial appointment with the identified patient only
, Relying on previous clinical experiences with this immigrant population
* Using a qualified interpreter who has proficiency in the family's language of origin
Maintaining consistent individualistic boundary practices across the spectrum of cultures
2019 Child: 5
Children typically demonstrate the most overt sexual interest and behavior during which of the
following developmental stages?
Infancy
Toddlerhood
* Preschool
Early school-age
Late school-age
2019 Child: 6
Research on typical development has focused on the acquisition of language as a foundation for
cognitive and other areas of development. Which of the following has been demonstrated to be most
significantly related to language proficiency in preschoolers in the United States?
Parental age
Geographical location
* Socioeconomic status
Parental native language
Contact with other children
2019 Child: 7
Socioeconomic status (SES) is closely related to language proficiency in preschoolers in the United
States. Research has shown that children from low-SES backgrounds are more likely to have lower levels
of language proficiency than children from higher-SES backgrounds. This can be due to a number of
factors, including differences in access to quality early childhood education, exposure to language and
literacy at home, and parenting practices that support language development.
Children from low-SES backgrounds are more likely to attend preschools that have fewer resources and
less qualified teachers, and they may not have the same opportunities to learn and practice language as
children from higher-SES backgrounds. Additionally, children from low-SES backgrounds are more likely
to be exposed to fewer books, educational toys, and other materials that promote language
development. They also may not have the same opportunities to interact with adults and older children
who can help them learn new words and concepts.
and Answers
Child and Adolescent
Which of the following acutely inhibits the release of glucocorticoids in the adrenal glands?
* GABA
Cortisol
Estrogen
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
2019 Child: 1
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that acts on specific receptors in the
body, including those in the adrenal glands. When GABA binds to its receptors in the adrenal glands, it
can inhibit the release of the hormone glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, by reducing the activity of the
enzymes and pathways involved in their synthesis and release.
A teacher assigns the children in the class to solve as many math problems as they can on their own in a
20-minute period. The teacher makes a note of each student's progress, divides the class into groups to
further work on the problems together, and provides help to each group when members are stuck. This
strategy most directly makes use of which of the following educational concepts?
Transfer of learning
Collective socialization
Attunement to learning styles
Transformative learning theory
* Zone of proximal development
2019 Child: 2
The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) is a concept developed by Soviet psychologist Lev Vygotsky. It
refers to the difference between what a child can do independently and what they can do with the help
of a more skilled partner or teacher. The ZPD is the area where the most sensitive instruction or
guidance should occur, as it represents the level at which a child is most ready to learn and make the
most progress.
The ZPD can be thought of as a range of tasks or activities that are just beyond a child's current level of
ability, but with guidance and support, they can accomplish. It is the area where a child's potential for
,learning and development is the highest. Vygotsky believed that the ZPD is critical in the development of
cognitive and social skills and that it can be used as a guide for instructional planning
By age three years, toddlers can typically perform which of the following tasks?
Tie shoelaces
Fasten buttons
Close a zipper
* Manipulate scissors
Draw a person with realistic proportions
2019 Child: 3
By age three years, toddlers typically have developed the fine motor skills necessary to perform a variety
of tasks such as:
· Manipulating scissors: They can hold and open and close scissors with one hand and make basic cutting
motions.
· Drawing and coloring: They can hold a crayon, marker or pencil with a mature grip and make marks on
paper.
· Building with blocks: They can stack blocks, build towers and make simple structures.
· Stringing beads: They can thread large beads on a string or lace.
· Turning pages in a book: They can turn pages one at a time with thumb and index finger.
· Dressing themselves: They can dress and undress themselves with some assistance.
· Brushing their teeth: They can brush their teeth with some assistance.
· Using utensils: They can use a fork and spoon with some assistance and may start using a knife to cut
soft foods.
It's important to note that children develop at different rates, so some children may be able to perform
these tasks earlier or later than others.
By age three years, toddlers typically cannot perform certain fine motor tasks that require more
advanced dexterity, coordination, and control. Some examples of fine motor tasks that toddlers may not
be able to perform at this age include:
· Writing: They may not be able to form letters or numbers with a pencil or crayon.
· Zipping and buttoning: They may not be able to fasten zippers or buttons on their own.
· Cutting with scissors: They may not be able to cut along a straight line or make precise cuts.
· Threading small beads or needles: They may not have the dexterity to thread small beads or needles.
· Using small tools: They may not be able to use small tools such as tweezers or tongs.
,· Holding small objects: They may not be able to pick up small objects such as beads or coins with their
fingers.
· Tying shoelaces: They may not have the fine motor skills to tie shoelaces.
It's important to note that children develop at different rates, so some children may be able to perform
some of these tasks earlier or later than others.
Typically, children around the age of 5 or 6 may start to draw people with more recognizable shapes, but
it may take until around age 7 or 8 for them to begin to understand and use proportions correctly.
An adolescent boy was engaged in therapy lasting ten weeks. During this therapy the boy was able to
relate his test-taking anxiety, chronic feeling of interpersonal inadequacy, and inaccurate sense of
physical unattractiveness to an earlier relationship with his father who was often critical and harsh, and
unpredictably embarrassed the boy in social settings. Which of the following therapies was most likely
utilized?
Behavioral
Cognitive behavioral
Dialectical behavioral
Motivational interviewing
* Short-term psychodynamic
2019 Child: 4
Traditional psychodynamic therapy is a longer-term treatment that usually involves weekly sessions over
a period of several months or even years. The focus of traditional psychodynamic therapy is on exploring
the patient's unconscious thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that may be contributing to their current
problems. This therapy aims to help the patient gain insight and understanding into their problems and
how they developed, and how to change their maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling and behaving.
Short-term psychodynamic therapy, on the other hand, is usually a more focused and time-limited
treatment that may last for several weeks or months. The focus of short-term psychodynamic therapy is
on addressing specific, well-defined problems or symptoms that the patient is experiencing. This therapy
aims to help the patient identify and understand the underlying causes of their problems, but also
providing them with specific techniques or strategies to cope with them in the short term.
In summary, traditional psychodynamic therapy is a longer-term treatment that focuses on exploring the
patient's unconscious thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, while short-term psychodynamic therapy is a
more focused and time-limited treatment that addresses specific problems or symptoms.
During a psychiatric evaluation, which of the following methods would best help develop the
therapeutic alliance between a psychiatrist and a new immigrant patient and family?
Consulting with the immigrant family's traditional healers
Conducting the initial appointment with the identified patient only
, Relying on previous clinical experiences with this immigrant population
* Using a qualified interpreter who has proficiency in the family's language of origin
Maintaining consistent individualistic boundary practices across the spectrum of cultures
2019 Child: 5
Children typically demonstrate the most overt sexual interest and behavior during which of the
following developmental stages?
Infancy
Toddlerhood
* Preschool
Early school-age
Late school-age
2019 Child: 6
Research on typical development has focused on the acquisition of language as a foundation for
cognitive and other areas of development. Which of the following has been demonstrated to be most
significantly related to language proficiency in preschoolers in the United States?
Parental age
Geographical location
* Socioeconomic status
Parental native language
Contact with other children
2019 Child: 7
Socioeconomic status (SES) is closely related to language proficiency in preschoolers in the United
States. Research has shown that children from low-SES backgrounds are more likely to have lower levels
of language proficiency than children from higher-SES backgrounds. This can be due to a number of
factors, including differences in access to quality early childhood education, exposure to language and
literacy at home, and parenting practices that support language development.
Children from low-SES backgrounds are more likely to attend preschools that have fewer resources and
less qualified teachers, and they may not have the same opportunities to learn and practice language as
children from higher-SES backgrounds. Additionally, children from low-SES backgrounds are more likely
to be exposed to fewer books, educational toys, and other materials that promote language
development. They also may not have the same opportunities to interact with adults and older children
who can help them learn new words and concepts.
