Page 1 of 66
AAERT CER STUDY GUIDE WITH QUESTIONS
AND ACCURATE ANSWERS VERIFIED BY AN
EXPERT| LATEST AND COMPLETE UPDATE
2025-2026 EXPERT VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
Describe Procedure When an Attorney Strikes Something from the Record -
ANSWER- Removes a portion of the record from consideration by a fact-finder.
The material stricken remains physically in evidence-in case the ruling to strike is
found on appeal to be in error.
Describe procedure when an Attorney marks something confidential -
- ANSWER- Check State, Federal, Local Guidelines.
Use a Watermark or Footer on each pg of testimony to clearly show the
transcript is subject to protection.
"Subject to Protective Order" or "Confidential & Sealed"
Temporary Restraining Order "TRO" - ANSWER- Forbids a person from
taking an action which, if performed, may cause irreparable harm.
It lasts until a hearing is held on the merits of the issue.
Tenancy in Common / Joint Tenancy - ANSWER- Ownership of real property
by two or more persons, each of whom has an undivided interest, whether with or
without right of survivorship.
Tort / Tortfeasor - ANSWER- A tort is a civil wrong.
A tortfeasor is a DEF who is alleged or is actually found to have committed such
a wrong.
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Define Importance of an Accurate & Verbatim Record & How it Impacts Judicial
System - ANSWER- Minutes of events as they occur.
Becomes part of the Court's official record.
You are acting as an impartial quasi-officer of the court.
Describe How to Request and/or Research Proper Nouns to Verify Spelling for
Transcription - ANSWER- Ask parties after hearing.
Trier of Fact - ANSWER- One with responsibility to decide what evidence is
true or which witnesses are to be believed.
United States Code "USC" - ANSWER- The body of federal legislation enacted
by Congress.
Venue - ANSWER- The place where something occurs. The place where a crime
is committed.
Geographic area in which a jury is chosen. Jurisdiction in which a case is heard.
Voire Dire - ANSWER- 1. Examination of a Witness, particularly an expert
witness, as to qualifications to testify on a matter; means "to see" or "to say."
2. Examination of prospective Jurors to see if they are qualified to sit on a jury.
Within the Four Corners - ANSWER- A document speaks for itself.
The actual contents of documents which require no special interpretation.
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Writ - ANSWER- Court order requiring that an act be performed or granting
authority to perform an act.
Action - ANSWER- A lawsuit
Adverse Witness - ANSWER- A witness whose testimony is prejudicial to the
case of the party who called him, whether or not the witness is actually hostile.
Affidavit / Affiant - ANSWER- Written statement of facts made under oath; an
affiant signs an affidavit.
Affirm - ANSWER- To declare solemnly and formally.
Although not using the form of an oath, an affiant is still subject to the penalties
of perjury.
Aggravating / Mitigating Circumstances - ANSWER- Considerations which
either increase (aggravate) or decrease (mitigate) a sentence imposed in criminal
court under sentencing guidelines.
Amendment - ANSWER- Change/Correction (whether beneficial or not)
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whether adding or subtracting
Answer / Complaint - ANSWER- Response by DEF denying PLTF complaint.
Arbitration - ANSWER- Dispute mediation by impartial third party.
Arraignment - ANSWER- Bringing an accused person into court to plead to a
criminal charge.
Arrest / Custody - ANSWER- Restraint and detention of a person suspected of
crime (temporary holding at scene of crime for mere questioning is not an arrest).
Bail / Own Recognizance - ANSWER- Bail refers to an amount of money
deposited as a form of collateral to guarantee that a person charged with a crime
will appear in court when scheduled.
Bench Conference - ANSWER- a discussion between attorneys and the judge
outside the hearing of the jury or courtroom audience; such a discussion may or
may not be on the record
Bench Warrant - ANSWER- authority to find and bring to court someone who
AAERT CER STUDY GUIDE WITH QUESTIONS
AND ACCURATE ANSWERS VERIFIED BY AN
EXPERT| LATEST AND COMPLETE UPDATE
2025-2026 EXPERT VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
Describe Procedure When an Attorney Strikes Something from the Record -
ANSWER- Removes a portion of the record from consideration by a fact-finder.
The material stricken remains physically in evidence-in case the ruling to strike is
found on appeal to be in error.
Describe procedure when an Attorney marks something confidential -
- ANSWER- Check State, Federal, Local Guidelines.
Use a Watermark or Footer on each pg of testimony to clearly show the
transcript is subject to protection.
"Subject to Protective Order" or "Confidential & Sealed"
Temporary Restraining Order "TRO" - ANSWER- Forbids a person from
taking an action which, if performed, may cause irreparable harm.
It lasts until a hearing is held on the merits of the issue.
Tenancy in Common / Joint Tenancy - ANSWER- Ownership of real property
by two or more persons, each of whom has an undivided interest, whether with or
without right of survivorship.
Tort / Tortfeasor - ANSWER- A tort is a civil wrong.
A tortfeasor is a DEF who is alleged or is actually found to have committed such
a wrong.
,Page 2 of 66
Define Importance of an Accurate & Verbatim Record & How it Impacts Judicial
System - ANSWER- Minutes of events as they occur.
Becomes part of the Court's official record.
You are acting as an impartial quasi-officer of the court.
Describe How to Request and/or Research Proper Nouns to Verify Spelling for
Transcription - ANSWER- Ask parties after hearing.
Trier of Fact - ANSWER- One with responsibility to decide what evidence is
true or which witnesses are to be believed.
United States Code "USC" - ANSWER- The body of federal legislation enacted
by Congress.
Venue - ANSWER- The place where something occurs. The place where a crime
is committed.
Geographic area in which a jury is chosen. Jurisdiction in which a case is heard.
Voire Dire - ANSWER- 1. Examination of a Witness, particularly an expert
witness, as to qualifications to testify on a matter; means "to see" or "to say."
2. Examination of prospective Jurors to see if they are qualified to sit on a jury.
Within the Four Corners - ANSWER- A document speaks for itself.
The actual contents of documents which require no special interpretation.
,Page 3 of 66
Writ - ANSWER- Court order requiring that an act be performed or granting
authority to perform an act.
Action - ANSWER- A lawsuit
Adverse Witness - ANSWER- A witness whose testimony is prejudicial to the
case of the party who called him, whether or not the witness is actually hostile.
Affidavit / Affiant - ANSWER- Written statement of facts made under oath; an
affiant signs an affidavit.
Affirm - ANSWER- To declare solemnly and formally.
Although not using the form of an oath, an affiant is still subject to the penalties
of perjury.
Aggravating / Mitigating Circumstances - ANSWER- Considerations which
either increase (aggravate) or decrease (mitigate) a sentence imposed in criminal
court under sentencing guidelines.
Amendment - ANSWER- Change/Correction (whether beneficial or not)
, Page 4 of 66
whether adding or subtracting
Answer / Complaint - ANSWER- Response by DEF denying PLTF complaint.
Arbitration - ANSWER- Dispute mediation by impartial third party.
Arraignment - ANSWER- Bringing an accused person into court to plead to a
criminal charge.
Arrest / Custody - ANSWER- Restraint and detention of a person suspected of
crime (temporary holding at scene of crime for mere questioning is not an arrest).
Bail / Own Recognizance - ANSWER- Bail refers to an amount of money
deposited as a form of collateral to guarantee that a person charged with a crime
will appear in court when scheduled.
Bench Conference - ANSWER- a discussion between attorneys and the judge
outside the hearing of the jury or courtroom audience; such a discussion may or
may not be on the record
Bench Warrant - ANSWER- authority to find and bring to court someone who
