Burns' Pediatric Primary Care 8th Edition Test Bank | 20
MCQs per Chapter
Pediatric Primary Care Test Bank & NCLEX-HESI
Review | Burns' 8th Edition
Question 1:
A 6-month-old infant is brought to the clinic for a well-child
visit. The parent asks whether the infant’s routine
immunizations are considered primary care or primary
prevention. Which statement best describes the distinction
between primary care and primary prevention in this scenario?
A. Immunizations are primary care because they are provided
during scheduled visits.
B. Immunizations are primary prevention because they reduce
the incidence of disease before it occurs.
C. Immunizations are secondary prevention because they detect
disease early.
D. Immunizations are tertiary prevention because they decrease
complications after disease onset.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Immunizations are classic primary prevention:
interventions applied to healthy individuals to prevent the
initial occurrence of disease. (A) is incorrect because while
immunizations are delivered in primary care settings, their
classification is based on prevention level, not the site of care.
,(C) is incorrect—secondary prevention involves early detection
(screening) to halt progression. (D) is incorrect—tertiary
prevention focuses on reducing disability or complications after
disease has occurred.
Question 2:
During triage, a 4-year-old with an uncomplicated ear infection
is routed to which pediatric primary care provider role is most
appropriate for initial management in a typical primary care
setting?
A. Subspecialist pediatric otolaryngologist for immediate
consultation
B. Emergency department physician for admission
C. Primary care pediatric nurse practitioner or pediatrician for
assessment and outpatient management
D. Homeopathic practitioner for alternative therapy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Most uncomplicated acute conditions (e.g.,
uncomplicated acute otitis media) are managed in primary care
by pediatricians or pediatric nurse practitioners who provide
first-contact, ongoing care. (A) is inappropriate for
uncomplicated cases and would delay timely, cost-effective
care. (B) is unnecessary unless there are red flags (severe
systemic signs, dehydration, altered mental status). (D) is not
evidence-based or guideline-recommended as first-line
management in pediatric primary care.
,Question 3:
A 9-year-old child is prescribed a medication dosed by weight.
The nurse practitioner calculates the dose in mg/kg and
prepares to administer it. Which pediatric-specific issue is most
important to prevent medication error?
A. Rounding weight to the nearest 10 kg to simplify calculations
B. Determining and using the child’s current weight in kilograms
for weight-based dosing
C. Using the adult dose and halving it for children under 12
years
D. Selecting the dose based on age alone without weight
confirmation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pediatric dosing is commonly weight-based; using
the current weight in kilograms is essential to calculate accurate
doses and avoid under- or overdosing. (A) is unsafe—rounding
to the nearest 10 kg would introduce large dosing errors. (C)
and (D) are incorrect because adult-based algorithms and age-
alone dosing can cause serious dosing errors in children.
Question 4:
A 2-year-old with repeated clinic visits for irritability, poor
weight gain, and recurrent infections has a mother who reports
feeling constantly overwhelmed and tearful. Which approach
best represents a two-generation (dual patient) model
, appropriate for pediatric primary care?
A. Focus exclusively on the child’s symptoms and refer the
mother to community mental health without integrating
services.
B. Screen the caregiver for depression, offer brief
counseling/resources in the pediatric setting, and coordinate
referrals while addressing the child’s needs.
C. Advise the mother that parental issues are outside the
pediatric practice’s responsibility.
D. Delay addressing caregiver well-being until the child reaches
school age.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The two-generation model recognizes caregiver
health significantly affects child health. Screening caregivers
(e.g., for postpartum or ongoing depression), offering
support/resources, and coordinating care improves outcomes
for both mother and child. (A) fragments care—referral alone
without integration may limit follow-through. (C) and (D) are
incorrect and neglect the evidence that caregiver mental health
influences child development and health.
Question 5:
A pediatric NP considers implementing ACEs screening for all
families at well visits. According to current evidence and
guideline-based recommendations, which is the most
appropriate immediate strategy?
MCQs per Chapter
Pediatric Primary Care Test Bank & NCLEX-HESI
Review | Burns' 8th Edition
Question 1:
A 6-month-old infant is brought to the clinic for a well-child
visit. The parent asks whether the infant’s routine
immunizations are considered primary care or primary
prevention. Which statement best describes the distinction
between primary care and primary prevention in this scenario?
A. Immunizations are primary care because they are provided
during scheduled visits.
B. Immunizations are primary prevention because they reduce
the incidence of disease before it occurs.
C. Immunizations are secondary prevention because they detect
disease early.
D. Immunizations are tertiary prevention because they decrease
complications after disease onset.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Immunizations are classic primary prevention:
interventions applied to healthy individuals to prevent the
initial occurrence of disease. (A) is incorrect because while
immunizations are delivered in primary care settings, their
classification is based on prevention level, not the site of care.
,(C) is incorrect—secondary prevention involves early detection
(screening) to halt progression. (D) is incorrect—tertiary
prevention focuses on reducing disability or complications after
disease has occurred.
Question 2:
During triage, a 4-year-old with an uncomplicated ear infection
is routed to which pediatric primary care provider role is most
appropriate for initial management in a typical primary care
setting?
A. Subspecialist pediatric otolaryngologist for immediate
consultation
B. Emergency department physician for admission
C. Primary care pediatric nurse practitioner or pediatrician for
assessment and outpatient management
D. Homeopathic practitioner for alternative therapy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Most uncomplicated acute conditions (e.g.,
uncomplicated acute otitis media) are managed in primary care
by pediatricians or pediatric nurse practitioners who provide
first-contact, ongoing care. (A) is inappropriate for
uncomplicated cases and would delay timely, cost-effective
care. (B) is unnecessary unless there are red flags (severe
systemic signs, dehydration, altered mental status). (D) is not
evidence-based or guideline-recommended as first-line
management in pediatric primary care.
,Question 3:
A 9-year-old child is prescribed a medication dosed by weight.
The nurse practitioner calculates the dose in mg/kg and
prepares to administer it. Which pediatric-specific issue is most
important to prevent medication error?
A. Rounding weight to the nearest 10 kg to simplify calculations
B. Determining and using the child’s current weight in kilograms
for weight-based dosing
C. Using the adult dose and halving it for children under 12
years
D. Selecting the dose based on age alone without weight
confirmation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pediatric dosing is commonly weight-based; using
the current weight in kilograms is essential to calculate accurate
doses and avoid under- or overdosing. (A) is unsafe—rounding
to the nearest 10 kg would introduce large dosing errors. (C)
and (D) are incorrect because adult-based algorithms and age-
alone dosing can cause serious dosing errors in children.
Question 4:
A 2-year-old with repeated clinic visits for irritability, poor
weight gain, and recurrent infections has a mother who reports
feeling constantly overwhelmed and tearful. Which approach
best represents a two-generation (dual patient) model
, appropriate for pediatric primary care?
A. Focus exclusively on the child’s symptoms and refer the
mother to community mental health without integrating
services.
B. Screen the caregiver for depression, offer brief
counseling/resources in the pediatric setting, and coordinate
referrals while addressing the child’s needs.
C. Advise the mother that parental issues are outside the
pediatric practice’s responsibility.
D. Delay addressing caregiver well-being until the child reaches
school age.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The two-generation model recognizes caregiver
health significantly affects child health. Screening caregivers
(e.g., for postpartum or ongoing depression), offering
support/resources, and coordinating care improves outcomes
for both mother and child. (A) fragments care—referral alone
without integration may limit follow-through. (C) and (D) are
incorrect and neglect the evidence that caregiver mental health
influences child development and health.
Question 5:
A pediatric NP considers implementing ACEs screening for all
families at well visits. According to current evidence and
guideline-based recommendations, which is the most
appropriate immediate strategy?
