NUR 1229- Nutrition For The Fetus, Pregnant, And
Lactating Mother Exam Study Guide
Food sources of folate? - ANSWER Liver: chicken, turkey, goose has 500 mcg+ per
serving
Liver: lamb, beef, veal 200+
legumes, beans, peas, lentils, asparagus, spinach, papaya, cereal, wheat germ 100+
50+ broccoli, lima beans, baked beans, pork, collard greens, raw spinach, avocado,
oranges, pasta, rice
20+ bread, egg, corn
Nutrient needs before conception? - ANSWER -health diet ensures adequate nutrients
are available for the unsuspected fetus developing
-folic acid prevents neural tube defects
-nutritional deprivation in the first eight weeks will cause fetal abnormalities
Neural tube defects: - ANSWER anencephaly- neural tube fails to close so the brain is
either missing or fails to develop
spina bifida- incomplete closure of the spinal chord and its bony encasement
Energy and nutrient needs: - ANSWER increases 20% in pregnancy except for iron
-during lactation less iron and folic acid is required as body reruns to normal
-d/c iron supplement after birth
Nutrient needs during pregnancy: - ANSWER calories 250-450 kcals/day in 2nd and 3rd
trimester
,protein 25 g/day and what women usually intakes
vitamins/folate 600 mcg/day
supplement- 400 and rest is acquired from diet
green, leafy veggies, livers
Vitamin B-12 in red meat 2.6 mcg/day
vegan moms- take supplement
calcium- 1200/day to conserve maternal bone mass, decrease BP, decrease
preeclampsia (higher risk of lactose intolerance in asian, African Americans, native
Americans- tell them to try yogurt, cheese, lactate supplements)
zinc- 11-12 mg
fluoride- must know where they get their water source
sodium- increase to maintain fluid balance, restricted fore renal and liver failure or
hypertension
potassium- 8-10 servings of unprocessed fruit and veggies- the most lacking nutrient
iron- 2nd trimester sees a 50% increase of maternal blood volume
3rd trimester- iron still continued for liver stores
-30 mg/day for mild anemia
50-100mg/day for already established anemia
might have black, tarry stools, constipation, diarrhea, take on empty stomach
-eggs, tea, coffee, milk decrease absorption
, -take with juice to increase absorption (Vitamin C)
maternal mortality rate increases with anemia flood large blood loss (especially African
American)
iodine
30 mg
Magnesium
400 mg
Vitamin A
750 mcg
Vitamin D
5 mcg
Vitamin E
15 mcg
Vitamin C
80
a teen with a low BMI/active/twins will increase these needs
Protein and pregnancy - ANSWER -protein supplements increase preterm births
-stick to complete protein rich foods like nuts, dairy, beans, whole grains, peas
Lactating Mother Exam Study Guide
Food sources of folate? - ANSWER Liver: chicken, turkey, goose has 500 mcg+ per
serving
Liver: lamb, beef, veal 200+
legumes, beans, peas, lentils, asparagus, spinach, papaya, cereal, wheat germ 100+
50+ broccoli, lima beans, baked beans, pork, collard greens, raw spinach, avocado,
oranges, pasta, rice
20+ bread, egg, corn
Nutrient needs before conception? - ANSWER -health diet ensures adequate nutrients
are available for the unsuspected fetus developing
-folic acid prevents neural tube defects
-nutritional deprivation in the first eight weeks will cause fetal abnormalities
Neural tube defects: - ANSWER anencephaly- neural tube fails to close so the brain is
either missing or fails to develop
spina bifida- incomplete closure of the spinal chord and its bony encasement
Energy and nutrient needs: - ANSWER increases 20% in pregnancy except for iron
-during lactation less iron and folic acid is required as body reruns to normal
-d/c iron supplement after birth
Nutrient needs during pregnancy: - ANSWER calories 250-450 kcals/day in 2nd and 3rd
trimester
,protein 25 g/day and what women usually intakes
vitamins/folate 600 mcg/day
supplement- 400 and rest is acquired from diet
green, leafy veggies, livers
Vitamin B-12 in red meat 2.6 mcg/day
vegan moms- take supplement
calcium- 1200/day to conserve maternal bone mass, decrease BP, decrease
preeclampsia (higher risk of lactose intolerance in asian, African Americans, native
Americans- tell them to try yogurt, cheese, lactate supplements)
zinc- 11-12 mg
fluoride- must know where they get their water source
sodium- increase to maintain fluid balance, restricted fore renal and liver failure or
hypertension
potassium- 8-10 servings of unprocessed fruit and veggies- the most lacking nutrient
iron- 2nd trimester sees a 50% increase of maternal blood volume
3rd trimester- iron still continued for liver stores
-30 mg/day for mild anemia
50-100mg/day for already established anemia
might have black, tarry stools, constipation, diarrhea, take on empty stomach
-eggs, tea, coffee, milk decrease absorption
, -take with juice to increase absorption (Vitamin C)
maternal mortality rate increases with anemia flood large blood loss (especially African
American)
iodine
30 mg
Magnesium
400 mg
Vitamin A
750 mcg
Vitamin D
5 mcg
Vitamin E
15 mcg
Vitamin C
80
a teen with a low BMI/active/twins will increase these needs
Protein and pregnancy - ANSWER -protein supplements increase preterm births
-stick to complete protein rich foods like nuts, dairy, beans, whole grains, peas
