BIO 1243 Exam 4 Review Questions And
Complete Answers
What are the two systems for internal communication in animals? - ANSWER Nervous
system and endocrine system
What is a chemical messenger? - ANSWER A type of molecule that is secreted by cells
and influences the actions of other cells
What is the process by which hormones affect a particular cell? - ANSWER Signal is
sent, signal is received, cell responds
What are endocrine cells? - ANSWER Cells that secrete hormones
What are target cells? - ANSWER Cells that receive signals from hormones
What is the effect of hormones on target cells? - ANSWER To alter the animal's
physiology and help maintain homeostasis
What are pheromones? - ANSWER Chemical messengers that are transported outside of
an animal and can cause behavioral or physiological changes in another individual
What are the differences between peptide/protein hormones and steroid hormones? -
ANSWER Peptide/protein hormones are water-soluble and cannot pass through cell
membranes, while steroid hormones are lipid-soluble and can pass through cell
membranes
Where do peptide/protein hormones bind? - ANSWER To receptors embedded within the
cell membrane
, Where do steroid hormones bind? - ANSWER To receptors located within the cytoplasm
or nucleus of the cell
What happens when a hormone-receptor complex enters the nucleus? - ANSWER It may
bind to DNA and influence gene expression
What is the role of the hypothalamus? - ANSWER To control the pituitary gland and
serve as a liaison between the nervous and endocrine systems
What is the pituitary gland? - ANSWER A gland attached to the hypothalamus that
releases hormones.
What are the two parts of the pituitary gland? - ANSWER Posterior pituitary and anterior
pituitary.
What hormones are released by the posterior pituitary? - ANSWER Oxytocin and
antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin).
What hormones are released by the anterior pituitary? - ANSWER Numerous hormones.
What is the function of oxytocin? - ANSWER Facilitating birth, milk production, and
forming social attachments.
What can improper pituitary function lead to? - ANSWER Anomalies in growth and
development.
How are the hypothalamus and pituitary gland regulated? - ANSWER Through feedback
loops with the glands they regulate.
What does the pineal gland release? - ANSWER Melatonin.
Complete Answers
What are the two systems for internal communication in animals? - ANSWER Nervous
system and endocrine system
What is a chemical messenger? - ANSWER A type of molecule that is secreted by cells
and influences the actions of other cells
What is the process by which hormones affect a particular cell? - ANSWER Signal is
sent, signal is received, cell responds
What are endocrine cells? - ANSWER Cells that secrete hormones
What are target cells? - ANSWER Cells that receive signals from hormones
What is the effect of hormones on target cells? - ANSWER To alter the animal's
physiology and help maintain homeostasis
What are pheromones? - ANSWER Chemical messengers that are transported outside of
an animal and can cause behavioral or physiological changes in another individual
What are the differences between peptide/protein hormones and steroid hormones? -
ANSWER Peptide/protein hormones are water-soluble and cannot pass through cell
membranes, while steroid hormones are lipid-soluble and can pass through cell
membranes
Where do peptide/protein hormones bind? - ANSWER To receptors embedded within the
cell membrane
, Where do steroid hormones bind? - ANSWER To receptors located within the cytoplasm
or nucleus of the cell
What happens when a hormone-receptor complex enters the nucleus? - ANSWER It may
bind to DNA and influence gene expression
What is the role of the hypothalamus? - ANSWER To control the pituitary gland and
serve as a liaison between the nervous and endocrine systems
What is the pituitary gland? - ANSWER A gland attached to the hypothalamus that
releases hormones.
What are the two parts of the pituitary gland? - ANSWER Posterior pituitary and anterior
pituitary.
What hormones are released by the posterior pituitary? - ANSWER Oxytocin and
antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin).
What hormones are released by the anterior pituitary? - ANSWER Numerous hormones.
What is the function of oxytocin? - ANSWER Facilitating birth, milk production, and
forming social attachments.
What can improper pituitary function lead to? - ANSWER Anomalies in growth and
development.
How are the hypothalamus and pituitary gland regulated? - ANSWER Through feedback
loops with the glands they regulate.
What does the pineal gland release? - ANSWER Melatonin.
