JUVENILE JUSTICE EXAM 1 STUDY
GUIDE CORRECT 100%
What is the juvenile justice system supposed to provide? - ANSWERDue process, care,
treatment, and rehabilitation, and protection to society.
What characterized the 1990s about the juvenile justice system? - ANSWERPublic
demand increasingly severe penalties for youth offenders and there were blurred lines
between youth and adult systems.
What characterized the 2000s about juvenile justice? - ANSWERCrime rates were
declining, juvenile arrests were falling more than adult arrest rates.
What was the new ruling in 2016 in regards to juvenile justice? - ANSWERThe transfer
of youth cases to criminal (adult) court should only be for the most serious, violent, and
chronic offenders.
Historical Distinction between Juvenile and Adult Offenders - ANSWERHammarabi's
Code of the Talmud said that the death penalty would not appropriate for youth. Canon
law, Roman law, and the Twelve Tables as based on Age of Responsibility, that was set
at 7. It also said punishment for some offenses was less severe for children than adults
and they increased recognition of stages of life. Common law gave no one under 7
years of age any sanctions. 7-14 years of age you could prove criminal intent, and when
you are over 14 years of age, you were treated like adults.
15th Century Chancery Court - ANSWERProvide aid/intervention for women and
children suffering from divorce, death of a spouse, and abandonment. The operation
under parens patria to act in loco parentis.
1562 Statue of Artifices - ANSWERChild paupers could be separated from parents and
apprenticed to others.
1601 Poor Relief Act - ANSWERInvoluntary seperation of children from impoverished
parents and child in bondage as apprentices.
1600s-1700s - ANSWERChildren were sent to adult prisons, they were sometimes
separated from adult offenders.
Where was the first juvenile facility created in 1788? - ANSWEREngland
What was the purpose of the first juvenile facility created? - ANSWERTo educate and
instruct in some trade.
, What characterized the US at the time of the first juvenile facility being created? -
ANSWERThere was a dissatisfaction in how juveniles were handled, they were
generally treated the same as adults. People feared adult criminal attitudes would be
transmitted to youth and adult brutality. Sympathy for youth often resulted in behavior
being overlooked or more lenient sentencing.
What characterized 1818 in juvenile justice in the US? - ANSWERNew York City
committee coined the term juvenile delinquency.
What characterized the mid-1800s? - ANSWERThe Houses of Refuge, charitable effort
to provide shelter and safety to destitute youth, it was declared a success, but, they
were realistically largely failures at rehabilitation.
Early Juvenile Courts - ANSWERThey invented under civil rather than criminal law,
proceedings as informal as possible, considerable discretion was an aspect, and the
courts moved away from ideas of legality, corrections, and punishment. This led to
prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation.
Holmes Case - ANSWERThis reaffirmed informal procedures and because juvenile
courts are not criminal courts, the constitutional rights guaranteed to accused adults do
not apply to juveniles.
What was taking shape during the juvenile court legislation era in the mid-19th century?
- ANSWERThere was a legalistic approach forming even though the therapeutic
approach was trying to be held.
Kent vs. US - ANSWERWaiver to criminal court was invalid
In re Gault - ANSWERRights of juvenile defendants
What was similar with the cases In re Gault and Kent v. US - ANSWERThere were
serious parens patriae.
In re Winship - ANSWERFound a standard of proof for conviction, same as adults.
Breed v. Jones - ANSWERViolation of double jeopardy
McKeiver v. PN - ANSWERDid not require jury trials in juvenile court and some states
have extended this right to juveniles
Roper v. Simmons - ANSWERStruck down death penalty for crimes committed by
people under the age of 18.
Continuing Dilemmas in Juvenile Justice - ANSWERThe debate of treatment vs
punishment continues, attempts for reform of JJ network during the 18th, 19th, and
early 20th centuries, bases for explaining delinquency and treating delinquents were
GUIDE CORRECT 100%
What is the juvenile justice system supposed to provide? - ANSWERDue process, care,
treatment, and rehabilitation, and protection to society.
What characterized the 1990s about the juvenile justice system? - ANSWERPublic
demand increasingly severe penalties for youth offenders and there were blurred lines
between youth and adult systems.
What characterized the 2000s about juvenile justice? - ANSWERCrime rates were
declining, juvenile arrests were falling more than adult arrest rates.
What was the new ruling in 2016 in regards to juvenile justice? - ANSWERThe transfer
of youth cases to criminal (adult) court should only be for the most serious, violent, and
chronic offenders.
Historical Distinction between Juvenile and Adult Offenders - ANSWERHammarabi's
Code of the Talmud said that the death penalty would not appropriate for youth. Canon
law, Roman law, and the Twelve Tables as based on Age of Responsibility, that was set
at 7. It also said punishment for some offenses was less severe for children than adults
and they increased recognition of stages of life. Common law gave no one under 7
years of age any sanctions. 7-14 years of age you could prove criminal intent, and when
you are over 14 years of age, you were treated like adults.
15th Century Chancery Court - ANSWERProvide aid/intervention for women and
children suffering from divorce, death of a spouse, and abandonment. The operation
under parens patria to act in loco parentis.
1562 Statue of Artifices - ANSWERChild paupers could be separated from parents and
apprenticed to others.
1601 Poor Relief Act - ANSWERInvoluntary seperation of children from impoverished
parents and child in bondage as apprentices.
1600s-1700s - ANSWERChildren were sent to adult prisons, they were sometimes
separated from adult offenders.
Where was the first juvenile facility created in 1788? - ANSWEREngland
What was the purpose of the first juvenile facility created? - ANSWERTo educate and
instruct in some trade.
, What characterized the US at the time of the first juvenile facility being created? -
ANSWERThere was a dissatisfaction in how juveniles were handled, they were
generally treated the same as adults. People feared adult criminal attitudes would be
transmitted to youth and adult brutality. Sympathy for youth often resulted in behavior
being overlooked or more lenient sentencing.
What characterized 1818 in juvenile justice in the US? - ANSWERNew York City
committee coined the term juvenile delinquency.
What characterized the mid-1800s? - ANSWERThe Houses of Refuge, charitable effort
to provide shelter and safety to destitute youth, it was declared a success, but, they
were realistically largely failures at rehabilitation.
Early Juvenile Courts - ANSWERThey invented under civil rather than criminal law,
proceedings as informal as possible, considerable discretion was an aspect, and the
courts moved away from ideas of legality, corrections, and punishment. This led to
prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation.
Holmes Case - ANSWERThis reaffirmed informal procedures and because juvenile
courts are not criminal courts, the constitutional rights guaranteed to accused adults do
not apply to juveniles.
What was taking shape during the juvenile court legislation era in the mid-19th century?
- ANSWERThere was a legalistic approach forming even though the therapeutic
approach was trying to be held.
Kent vs. US - ANSWERWaiver to criminal court was invalid
In re Gault - ANSWERRights of juvenile defendants
What was similar with the cases In re Gault and Kent v. US - ANSWERThere were
serious parens patriae.
In re Winship - ANSWERFound a standard of proof for conviction, same as adults.
Breed v. Jones - ANSWERViolation of double jeopardy
McKeiver v. PN - ANSWERDid not require jury trials in juvenile court and some states
have extended this right to juveniles
Roper v. Simmons - ANSWERStruck down death penalty for crimes committed by
people under the age of 18.
Continuing Dilemmas in Juvenile Justice - ANSWERThe debate of treatment vs
punishment continues, attempts for reform of JJ network during the 18th, 19th, and
early 20th centuries, bases for explaining delinquency and treating delinquents were
